Effects of acute nicotine on event-related potential and performance indices of auditory distraction in nonsmokers
Effects of acute nicotine on event-related potential and performance indices of auditory distraction in nonsmokers
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntp044
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Villeneuve, Crystal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knott, Verner J.;Bolton, Kiley;Villeneuve, Crystal
前言：虽然尼古丁被认为可以增强注意过程，但这主要是在持续注意任务中得到证实，它在分心条件下对选择性注意和注意控制的影响不那么令人信服。方法：本研究调查了21名(11名男性)非吸烟者的事件相关电位(ERPs)和行为表现指标，该任务要求对短持续时间和长持续时间的音调做出选择反应，并嵌入和不嵌入偏差，研究了尼古丁对注意力分散的影响。在随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的交叉设计中，尼古丁口香糖(6 Mg)无法对抗偏差诱发的行为分心，其特征是反应时间延长和反应错误增加。结果：在偏差诱发的ERP成分中，尼古丁没有改变偏离者对偏差的P3a索引的注意切换，但在女性中，尼古丁倾向于减少偏差的自动加工，表现为较小的失配负性成分，并减弱了偏差诱导分心后的注意力重定向，反映为减少了重定向负性事件成分。讨论：结果与尼古丁的注意模型和对未来研究方向的讨论有关。
Introduction: Although nicotine has been purported to enhance attentional processes, this has been evidenced mostly in tasks of sustained attention, and its effects on selective attention and attentional control under conditions of distraction are less convincing.Methods: This study investigated the effects of nicotine on distractibility in 21 (11 males) nonsmokers with event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance measures extracted from an auditory discrimination task requiring a choice reaction time response to short-and long-duration tones, with and without imbedded deviants. Administered in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, nicotine gum (6 mg) failed to counter deviant-elicited behavioral distraction characterized by longer reaction times and increased response errors.Results: Of the deviant-elicited ERP components, nicotine did not alter the P3a-indexed attentional switching to the deviant, but in females, it tended to diminish the automatic processing of the deviant as shown by a smaller mismatch negativity component, and it attenuated attentional reorienting following deviant-elicited distraction, as reflected by a reduced reorienting negativity ERP component.Discussion: Results are discussed in relation to attentional models of nicotine and with respect to future research directions.