SPIROMETRIC ABNORMALITIES AMONG WELDERS
SPIROMETRIC ABNORMALITIES AMONG WELDERS
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DOI：
10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80105-7
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发表时间：
1991-10-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
SRIVASTAVA, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RASTOGI, SK;GUPTA, BN;SRIVASTAVA, S
对一组从事模制黄铜制品气焊接头面的手工焊工（N= 57）进行肺功能测定，以评估肺功能异常的患病率，年龄组为13-60岁（平均：29.2 ± 1.37岁），平均接触时间为12.4 ± 1.12年（范围：1-35年）。研究结果与参比组（N= 131）（平均年龄：31.2 ± 1.35岁）进行了比较，参比组从事非焊接工作，如包装、贴标签和运输成品黄铜制品。电焊工呼吸功能损害的发生率（28.0%）明显高于未暴露的对照组（6.1%）（P< 0.001），这是由于电焊工暴露于含有铅、锌、铬和锰的微细颗粒的焊接气体所致。尽管工作场所的污染物浓度较低，但仍发生了这种情况。在接触组中，吸烟焊工的呼吸道损伤患病率明显高于不吸烟焊工（40.0vs18.7%）（P< 0.10）。在对照组中观察到类似的趋势，表明吸烟对肺功能测定试验有恶化的影响。肺功能检查结果显示，限制型肺功能损害占12.3%，其次为混合型肺功能缺损（8.7%）。年龄对肺损伤的影响在暴露组或未暴露组中均不可辨别。对与接触时间有关的数据进行的分析表明，呼吸系统异常的发生率与接触时间之间存在着显著的相关性。接尘10年以上的电焊工呼吸系统异常发生率明显高于接尘10年以下的电焊工（44.4%比13.3%）（P< 0.01），说明电焊工职业性接触电焊烟尘导致肺功能损害的发生率增高。吸烟也有贡献的作用，从而表明吸烟和焊接暴露之间的相互作用对肺损伤的患病率在从事铜器行业的焊工。
A group of manual welders (N= 57) engaged in gas welding joint faces of moulded brasswares, age group 13–60 years (mean: 29.2 ± 1.37 years), having a mean exposure period of 12.4 ± 1.12 years (range: 1–35 years) were subjected to spirometry to evaluate the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities. The findings were compared with those obtained from a reference group (N= 131) (mean age: 31.2 ± 1.35 years) engaged in nonwelding jobs such as packing, labelling, and transportation of the finished brassware articles. The welders showed a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory impairment (28.0%) than that observed among the unexposed controls (6.1%) (P< 0.001), as a result of exposure to welding gases which comprised fine particles of lead, zinc, chromium, and manganese. This occurred despite the lower concentration of the pollutants at the work place. In the exposed group, the smoking welders showed a prevalence of respiratory impairment significantly higher than that observed in the nonsmoking welders (40.0 vs 18.7%) (P< 0.10). A similar trend was observed in the control group indicating that smoking had a deteriorating effect on spirometric tests. The results of the pulmonary function tests showed a predominantly restrictive type of pulmonary impairment (12.3%) followed by a mixed ventilatory defect (8.7%) among the welders. The effect of age on pulmonary impairment was not discernible either in the exposed or unexposed group. The analysis of data in relation to duration of exposure showed significant correlation between the prevalence of respiratory abnormalities and length of exposure. Welders exposed for over 10 years showed a prevalence of respiratory abnormalities significantly higher than those exposed for less than 10 years (44.4 vs 13.3%) (P< 0.01) thereby showing that occupational exposure to welding fumes resulted in increased prevalence of pulmonary impairment in the welders. Smoking also had a contributory role thereby suggesting an interaction between smoking and welding exposure on the prevalence of pulmonary impairment in the welders engaged in brassware industries.