Organoids as a Systems Platform for SCLC Brain Metastasis.

Organoids as a Systems Platform for SCLC Brain Metastasis.
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器官作为SCLC脑转移的系统平台。

DOI:
10.3389/fonc.2022.881989
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
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小细胞肺癌(SCLC)是一种高度侵袭性的神经内分泌肿瘤。传统的简化方法已被证明对改善SCLC的一致令人沮丧的结局无效-5年生存率仍然低于5%。改善治疗的一个主要障碍是SCLC肿瘤细胞早期扩散,具有向大脑转移的强烈倾向。越来越多的证据表明,与以前的教科书知识相反,几乎每个SCLC肿瘤都由多种亚型组成。关于这种肿瘤内亚型异质性在支持SCLC侵袭性方面可能发挥的作用,仍然存在重要的问题。该领域中反复出现的假设是亚型相互作用和/或转变动力学是SCLC转移性播种和进展的主要决定因素。在这里,我们回顾了脑类器官作为SCLC脑转移实验平台的优势,适用于遗传操作,药物干扰和偶联时亚型相互作用的评估,例如,涉及通过高内容成像或高通量组学数据生成的时间纵向监测。然后,我们考虑系统的方法,可以产生有用的数学和计算模型来概括从体外类器官培养中吸取的教训,并将它们与体内观察相结合。总之,与脑类器官中的离体SCLC培养物组合的系统方法可以有效地捕获肿瘤-肿瘤和宿主-肿瘤相互作用,这是脑转移的一般原理的基础。
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive, neuroendocrine tumor. Traditional reductionist approaches have proven ineffective to ameliorate the uniformly dismal outcomes for SCLC – survival at 5 years remains less than 5%. A major obstacle to improving treatment is that SCLC tumor cells disseminate early, with a strong propensity for metastasizing to the brain. Accumulating evidence indicates that, contrary to previous textbook knowledge, virtually every SCLC tumor is comprised of multiple subtypes. Important questions persist regarding the role that this intra-tumor subtype heterogeneity may play in supporting the invasive properties of SCLC. A recurrent hypothesis in the field is that subtype interactions and/or transition dynamics are major determinants of SCLC metastatic seeding and progression. Here, we review the advantages of cerebral organoids as an experimentally accessible platform for SCLC brain metastasis, amenable to genetic manipulations, drug perturbations, and assessment of subtype interactions when coupled, e.g., to temporal longitudinal monitoring by high-content imaging or high-throughput omics data generation. We then consider systems approaches that can produce mathematical and computational models useful to generalize lessons learned from ex vivo organoid cultures, and integrate them with in vivo observations. In summary, systems approaches combined with ex vivo SCLC cultures in brain organoids may effectively capture both tumor-tumor and host-tumor interactions that underlie general principles of brain metastasis.
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