Perfluorinated contaminants in sediments and aquatic organisms collected from shallow water and tidal flat areas of the Ariake Sea, Japan: Environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonate in aquatic ecosystems
Perfluorinated contaminants in sediments and aquatic organisms collected from shallow water and tidal flat areas of the Ariake Sea, Japan: Environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonate in aquatic ecosystems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es0603195
复制
发表时间：
2006-08-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Takemura, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakata, Haruhiko;Kannan, Kurunthachalam;Takemura, Akira
全氟化合物（PFC），如全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHS）和全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）广泛分布在水生生态系统中。尽管有研究报告水生生物中存在全氟化碳，但全氟化碳在潮滩和沿海生态系统中的命运尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们测定了沉积物中 PFOS、PFOA、PFNA、PFHS 和 PFOSA 的浓度；底栖生物，包括沙蚕、贻贝、蟹、蛤、牡蛎和滩涂弹涂鱼；以及从日本有明海采集的浅水物种，如锉鱼、鳊鱼、比目鱼、鲨鱼、江豚、海鸥和绿头鸭。大多数分析样品中均检测到了 PFOS 和 PFOA，其次是 PFNA、PFOSA 和 PFHS。在浅水物种中，全氟辛烷磺酸是主要污染物，在海洋哺乳动物和杂食性鸟类等较高营养级物种中发现浓度升高。这些结果表明全氟辛烷磺酸通过沿海食物链进行生物放大。相比之下，PFOA 是滩涂生物和沉积物中最丰富的化合物。滩涂沉积物、沙蚕和杂食性弹涂鱼中的 PFOA 浓度比 PFOS 的浓度高出约 1 个数量级。这表明浅水和滩涂生物之间 PFOS 和 PFOA 的暴露模式和生物利用度存在差异。将从有明海采集的滩涂和浅水样品中的 PFC 累积曲线与有机氯（多氯联苯，PCB）、有机锡（三丁基锡，TBT）和多环芳烃（PAH）的累积曲线进行了比较。沉积物和滩涂生物中的 PFC 浓度显着低于 PCB、TBT 和 PAH 的浓度。然而，浅水物种中的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度与其他类别污染物的浓度相当和/或显着更高。这意味着水相是 PFC 的主要汇，这与非极性有机污染物的观察结果不同。
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHS), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) are widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems. Despite studies reporting the occurrence of PFCs in aquatic organisms, the fate of PFCs in tidal flat and marine coastal ecosystems is not known. In this study, we determined concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHS, and PFOSA in sediments; benthic organisms, including lugworm, mussel, crab, clam, oyster, and mudskipper fish from tidal flat; and shallow water species, such as filefish, bream, flounder, shark, finless porpoise, gull, and mallard collected from the Ariake Sea, Japan. PFOS and PFOA were detected in most of the samples analyzed, followed by PFNA, PFOSA, and PFHS. In shallow water species, PFOS was the dominant contaminant, and elevated concentrations were found in higher trophic level species, such as marine mammals and omnivorous birds. These results suggest biomagnification of PFOS through the coastal food chain. In contrast, PFOA was the most abundant compound in tidal flat organisms and sediments. PFOA concentrations in sediments, lugworms, and omnivorous mudskippers in tidal flat were approximately 1 order of magnitude greater than the levels of PFOS. This indicates differences in exposure pattern and bioavailability of PFOS and PFOA between shallow water and tidal flat organisms. The accumulation profiles of PFCs were compared with those of organochlorines (polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB), organotin (tributyltin, TBT), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tidal flat and shallow water samples collected from the Ariake Sea. Concentrations of PFCs in sediments and in tidal flat organisms were significantly lower than that found for PCBs, TBT, and PAHs. Nevertheless, PFOS concentrations in shallow water species were comparable to and/or significantly greater than those of other classes of contaminants. This implies that the aqueous phase is a major sink for PFCs, which is different from what was observed for nonpolar organic pollutants.