Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals
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DOI：
10.1126/science.159.3819.1057
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发表时间：
1968-03
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
H. Rogers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Rogers
氢与许多金属相互作用，降低其延展性（2），并经常降低其强度。它以原子形式进入金属，即使在正常温度下也会迅速扩散。在熔化、制造和使用过程中，金属与氢接触并吸收氢的方式多种多样。吸收的氢可能会与某些金属中的氧化物或碳化物发生不可逆的反应，从而产生永久降解的结构。它也可以在各种类型的缺陷的内表面处复合，以在足够高的压力下形成气态分子氢，从而当复合发生在外表面附近时形成金属气泡。在其他金属中，形成降低金属机械性能的脆性结晶。另一种类型的脆化是可逆的，取决于在其发生的变形期间金属晶格中氢的存在。在某些情况下，故障可能会延迟很长一段时间。许多不同的机制已被假定来解释可逆脆化。根据某些理论，氢会干扰金属的塑性变形过程，而根据另一些理论，氢会增加开裂的倾向。
Hydrogen interacts with many metals to reduce their ductility (2) and frequently their strength also. It enters metals in the atomic form, diffusing very rapidly even at normal temperatures. During melting and fabrication, as well as during use, there are various ways in which metals come in contact with hydrogen and absorb it. The absorbed hydrogen may react irreversibly with oxides or carbides in some metals to produce a permanently degraded structure. It may also recombine at internal surfaces of defects of various types to form gaseous molecular hydrogen under pressures sufficiently high to form metal blisters when the recombination occurs near the outer surface. In other metals, brittle hydrides that lower the mechanical properties of the metal are formed. Another type of embrittlement is reversible, depending on the presence of hydrogen in the metal lattice during deformation for its occurrence. Under some conditions the failure may be delayed for long periods. A number of different mechanisms have been postulated to explain reversible embrittlement. According to some theories hydrogen interferes with the processes of plastic deformation in metals, while according to others it enhances the tendency for cracking.