Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults
Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2014.00095
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Zaura, Egija
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fernandez y Mostajo, Mercedes;van der Reijden, Wil A.;Zaura, Egija
口腔细菌与宿主共生。因此，当需要漱口水时，优选选择性抑制导致疾病的类群，而不是广谱抗菌剂。尚未评估充氧漱口水 Ardox-X (R) (AX) 的潜在选择性。本研究的目的是确定 AX 的抗菌潜力以及每天两次口腔冲洗对牙菌斑成分的影响。 材料和方法：在体外，使用琼脂扩散敏感性、最低抑制和最低杀菌浓度测试对 16 种口腔细菌菌株进行了测试。对 25 名健康志愿者进行了一项试点临床研究。在实验前1个月（实验前）、实验开始时（基线）和一周实验期后（实验后）进行临床评估和龈上菌斑微生物采样。实验期间，在没有其他口腔卫生措施的情况下，受试者每天使用 AX 漱口水两次。通过 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序评估菌斑的微生物组成。结果：AX 在微生物生长抑制方面表现出高度的种间差异。所测试的普雷沃氏菌菌株和具核梭杆菌表现出最高的敏感性，而链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对AX的耐药性最强。预诊和基线就诊时的菌斑评分没有显着差异 (p = 0.193)，菌斑的微生物组成也没有显着差异。在 7 天不刷牙但每天漱口两次的时间内，牙菌斑评分从基线时的 2.21 (0.31) 增加到实验后的 2.43 (0.39)。观察到微生物组成发生显着变化：链球菌属和韦荣球菌属增加，而棒状杆菌属、嗜血杆菌属、纤毛菌属、心杆菌属和嗜二氧化碳菌属减少（p < 0.001）。结论：AX 具有选择性抑制口腔细菌的潜力。漱口 1 周后口腔微生物组的变化值得进一步研究。
Oral bacteria live in symbiosis with the host. Therefore, when mouthwashes are indicated, selective inhibition of taxa contributing to disease is preferred instead of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The potential selectivity of an oxygenating mouthwash, Ardox-X (R) (AX), has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of AX and the effects of a twice-daily oral rinse on dental plaque composition.Material and methods: In vitro, 16 oral bacterial strains were tested using agar diffusion susceptibility, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. A pilot clinical study was performed with 25 healthy volunteers. Clinical assessments and microbiological sampling of supragingival plaque were performed at 1 month before the experiment (Pre-exp), at the start of the experiment (Baseline) and after the one-week experimental period (Post-exp). During the experiment individuals used AX mouthwash twice daily in absence of other oral hygiene measures. The microbiological composition of plaque was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Results: AX showed high inter-species variation in microbial growth inhibition. The tested Prevotella strains and Fusobactenum nucleatum showed the highest sensitivity, while streptococci and Lactobacillus acidophilus were most resistant to AX. Plaque scores at Pre-exp and Baseline visits did not differ significantly (p = 0.193), nor did the microbial composition of plaque. During a period of 7-days non-brushing but twice daily rinsing plaque scores increased from 2.21 (0.31) at Baseline to 2.43 (0.39) Post-exp. A significant microbial shift in composition was observed: genus Streptococcus and Veillonella increased while Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium and Capnocytophaga decreased (p < 0.001).Conclusion: AX has the potential for selective inhibition of oral bacteria. The shift in oral microbiome after 1 week of rinsing deserves further research.