Stem Cell Therapy
Stem Cell Therapy
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DOI：
10.1057/9781137505545_11
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sarah Schnur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarah Schnur
干细胞是一种非特化的细胞，可以发育成任何类型的细胞，例如心脏、肺、皮肤或肌肉细胞。它们之所以引人注目，是因为它们可以补充健康组织，也可以取代患病组织。因此，它们可以用于广泛的治疗应用，从测试新药，到替换受损的心室，再到重新生长肝脏，而不是等待供体的肝脏可用于移植（美国国立卫生研究院，2009）。干细胞最初来自胚胎和胎儿，但现在也可以来自“重新编程”的成人组织（美国国立卫生研究院，2009）。干细胞研究始于20世纪50年代，在20世纪60年代组织起来，并在20世纪70年代被禁止。在2010年代，它是在严格的监管下被允许的（干细胞历史，2013）。干细胞的多潜能性和来源不仅在医学研究和治疗中引起了许多伦理困境，而且超出了我们关于组织何时受到人权保护的想法，如何分配治疗益处，以及加速人类物种的进化。由于政府机构的目标是调解医学研究和治疗的机会，宗教问题，治疗受益人和社会的集体利益的考虑必须得到解决。
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into any type of cell–a heart, lung, skin, or muscle cell, for example. They are remarkable because they can replenish healthy tissue as well as replace diseased tissue. Thus, they might be used in a wide array of therapeutic applications, from testing new drugs, to replacing damaged heart ventricles, to re-growing a liver rather than waiting for a donor’s liver to become available for transplant (National Institutes of Health, 2009). Stem cells initially came from embryos and fetuses, but now can also be derived from “reprogrammed” adult tissue (National Institutes of Health, 2009). Stem cell research started in the 1950s, organized in the 1960s, and was banned in the 1970s. In the 2010s, it is allowed under strict regulation (Stem Cell History, 2013).The multipotentiality and sources of stem cells give rise to numerous ethical dilemmas not only in medical research and therapy but beyond into our ideas about when tissues fall under the protection of human rights, how therapeutic benefits are distributed, and accelerated evolution of the human species. As government agencies aim to mediate medical research and therapy opportunities, the considerations of religious concerns, treatment beneficiaries, and society’s collective interests must be addressed.