Gaze allocation in face-to-face communication is affected primarily by task structure and social context, not stimulus-driven factors
Gaze allocation in face-to-face communication is affected primarily by task structure and social context, not stimulus-driven factors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2018.12.005
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kemner, Chantal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hessels, Roy S.;Holleman, Gijs A.;Kemner, Chantal
最近的研究表明，对人脸的注视分配在很大程度上取决于社会背景。然而，这里没有明确考虑的是，凝视分配如何支持个人执行的特定任务。在本研究中，我们结合了这两种见解。我们研究了（1）在面对面交流中，注视分配到面部特征的方式取决于任务结构，以及（2）注视分配到面部特征的方式取决于交互伙伴的注视行为。为此，参与者和一个同谋被要求匡威，而他们的眼球运动是使用最先进的双眼动跟踪系统监测。这个系统的独特之处在于参与者可以直视对方的眼睛。我们报告说，目光分配取决于正在进行的子任务（说与听）。此外，我们表明，一个同盟的目光转移远离参与者影响他们的目光分配比目光转向他们。在第二个实验中，我们表明，这种注视引导效应主要不是刺激驱动的。我们断言，凝视引导引起的同盟者看向别处是相关的参与者的子任务，监测同盟者时，他们可以开始说话。这项研究证实了任务结构和社会背景对面对面交流中注视分配的重要性。
Gaze allocation to human faces has recently been shown to be greatly dependent on the social context. However, what has not been considered explicitly here, is how gaze allocation may be supportive of the specific task that individuals carry out. In the present study, we combined these two insights. We investigated (1) how gaze allocation to facial features in face-to-face communication is dependent on the task-structure and (2) how gaze allocation to facial features is dependent on the gaze behavior of an interacting partner. To this end, participants and a confederate were asked to converse, while their eye movements were monitored using a state-of-the-art dual eye-tracking system. This system is unique in that participants can look each other directly in the eyes. We report that gaze allocation depends on the sub-task being carried out (speaking vs. listening). Moreover, we show that a confederate's gaze shift away from the participants affects their gaze allocation more than a gaze shift towards them. In a second experiment, we show that this gaze-guidance effect is not primarily stimulus-driven. We assert that gaze guidance elicited by the confederate looking away is related to the participants' sub-task of monitoring the confederate for when they can begin speaking. This study exemplifies the importance of both task structure and social context for gaze allocation during face-to-face communication.