Factors Determining Work Arduousness Levels among Nurses: Using the Example of Surgical, Medical Treatment, and Emergency Wards
Factors Determining Work Arduousness Levels among Nurses: Using the Example of Surgical, Medical Treatment, and Emergency Wards
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DOI：
10.1155/2019/6303474
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发表时间：
2019-12-31
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sobolewski, Marek
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文献类型：
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作者：
Kowalczuk, Krystyna;Krajewska-Kutak, Elzbieta;Sobolewski, Marek
导论.多年来，世界上大多数国家都严重感到护士人手短缺。在波兰，由于每1000名居民的护理就业率是欧盟28个国家中最低的，而且离开该行业的比例很高，因此这个问题尤其明显。几年来，波兰护士的平均年龄一直在不断增长，2016年为50.79岁，而2008年为44.19岁。这些数据证实，年轻护士是第一批离开这一职业的人。对护士的工作条件和心理社会负担水平的诊断应进行详细的分析，以便离开这一职业不会进一步加剧保健工作人员的困难状况。瞄准！本研究旨在探讨影响护理人员工作辛苦程度评估之因素。材料与方法。研究对象为573名在外科、内科及急诊科工作的护士。一个标准化的工作评价问卷进行调查。结果(1)压力水平取决于被调查者工作的病房。在急诊室工作的护士对自己的状况评估最好，压力最小。该组的平均一般结果为38.1分，而外科和内科病房的平均一般结果分别为46分和45.7分。(2)在整个研究组的水平上，护士的年龄和工作经验在工作条件的总评估中没有统计学显著差异。不同年龄组对工作艰巨性的评价存在差异，差异主要表现在个别病区层面。在外科病房，年轻员工的特点是较高的压力水平，特别是在该地区的艰巨性（p=0.0165）。在医疗病房，有一个类似的年龄压力比的区域组织的不确定性（p=0.0063）。随着年龄的增长，急诊室的员工对与不愉快的工作条件相关的压力变得更加冷漠（p=0.0009），而与组织不确定性相关的压力则增加（p=0.0495）。(3)在管理岗位工作的护士评估的整体压力与他们的工作高于其他护士。他们特别容易承受与匆忙、责任和组织不确定性有关的负担。护士对工作辛苦性的总体评价平均为44.6分，外科护士为37.2分。几乎所有的研究工作特性（除了危险）的执行功能和压力水平之间的相关性。(4)从统计数据来看，教育在若干方面对人们对工作条件的看法产生了重大影响。受教育程度最低的人对工作条件的评价最好。受过高等教育的人和受过中等教育的人之间的专业差异肯定较小，而且往往不存在。教育程度对工作艰巨性的评价因病房而异。最有统计学意义的相关性在外科病房，最少的内科治疗病房。结论. (1)研究结果表明，需要诊断的工作条件下的背景下，个别医院病房内的职业压力的问题。为了限制员工流动率，护理人员的管理者应该单独为每个病房的工作条件的改善，由于工作性质和stressogenicity水平的差异的方法的问题。(2)在每一个病房，员工在不同的职业生涯阶段是敏感的心理社会负担所造成的不同的工作特点。这些领域应彻底诊断和负担最小化，以防止离开专业-在职业生涯的早期阶段以及经验丰富的人员。(3)担任管理职务的护士应得到必要的实质性支助，因为责任越大，压力越大。
Introduction. Staff shortages among nurses have been severely felt in most countries around the world for many years. In Poland, this problem is particularly visible due to the lowest nursing employment rate per 1000 inhabitants among 28 EU states and the high rate of leaving the profession. The average age of Polish nurses has been constantly growing for several years-in 2016 it was 50.79, while in 2008 it was 44.19. These data confirm that young nurses are the first to leave the profession. Diagnosis of the working conditions and psychosocial burden level among nurses should be subject to detailed analysis, so that leaving the profession will not additionally deepen the difficult staffing situation in health care. Aim. The aim of the study was to identify factors affecting the assessment of work arduousness levels among nursing personnel. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted among 573 nurses working on surgical, medical treatment, and emergency wards. A standardized job evaluation questionnaire was used to conduct the survey. Results. (1) Stress levels depended on the ward in which the surveyed person worked. Nurses working in the emergency ward assessed their conditions the best, with the lowest stress. The average general result in this group was 38.1 points versus 46 and 45.7 points in the surgical and medical treatment wards, respectively. (2) At the level of the whole studied group, both the nurses' age and work experience did not differ statistically significantly in the total assessment of working conditions. Differences in the assessment of work arduousness in different age categories occurred at the level of individual wards. In the surgical ward, younger employees were characterized by higher stress levels, especially in the area of arduousness (p=0.0165). In the medical treatment wards, there was a similar age-to-stress ratio for the area of organizational uncertainty (p=0.0063). With age, employees of the emergency ward became more indifferent to stress related to unpleasant working conditions (p=0.0009), while stress related to organizational uncertainty increased (p=0.0495). (3) Nurses working in managerial positions assessed the overall stress related to their job higher than other nurses. They were particularly at risk for burdens related to haste, responsibility, and organizational uncertainty. The average overall assessment of work arduousness for this group was 44.6 points, while for surgical nurses it was 37.2 points. Correlations between the performed function and stress levels were found for almost all of the studied work characteristics (except for hazards). (4) Education had a statistically significant impact on the perception of working conditions in several dimensions. The people with the lowest education evaluated working conditions the best. The difference between people with a higher and those with a secondary education with a specialization was definitely smaller and often nonexistent. Education differentiated the work arduousness assessment depending on the ward. The most statistically significant correlations were obtained in surgical wards, and the least in medical treatment wards. Conclusions. (1) The study results indicate the need to diagnose problems related to work conditions in the context of occupational stress within individual hospital wards. To limit employee turnover, nursing staff managers should approach the issue of improving working conditions individually for each ward, due to differences in the nature of the work and level of stressogenicity.(2) In each hospital ward, employees at different stages of their career are sensitive to the psychosocial burden resulting from different work characteristics. These areas should be thoroughly diagnosed and the burden minimized to prevent departures from the profession-at early stages of the professional career as well as among experienced personnel. (3) Nurses working in managerial positions should receive the necessary substantive support, due to the higher stress burden associated with greater responsibility.