Structural asymmetry in martian impact craters as an indicator for an impact trajectory

Structural asymmetry in martian impact craters as an indicator for an impact trajectory
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火星撞击坑中的结构不对称性作为撞击轨迹的指标

DOI:
10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.025
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Kenkmann T.
Kenkmann T.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wulf G;Poelchau M. H;Kenkmann T.

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撞击坑的形成是一种高度动态的复杂地质现象。构造地质学的方法能够使人们深入了解陨石坑形成过程中发生的变形过程。虽然在陨石坑中观察到的大多数变形一般呈放射状对称,但最近在陆地陨石坑中央隆起中发现的非放射状结构元素表明,斜向撞击的射弹可能导致陨石坑中央次表面区域的非放射状变形。由于没有喷出物覆盖层作为斜向撞击地球的公认指标,因此难以将观测到的非径向结构与撞击方向联系起来。因此,在这项研究中,三个火星复杂的撞击坑被选中,表现出倾斜的喷出物毯和层状基岩的中央隆起。中央隆起的结构映射使用高分辨率成像科学实验(HiRISE)图像和额外的高分辨率数字地形模型(DTM)。对结构数据进行了评估,结果表明,至少有两个结构标准的方向与撞击方向之间存在相关性:(1)上翻基岩层的走向平均垂直于撞击轨迹;(2)大多数断层显示出与撞击轨迹平行的优先趋势。第四个火星陨石坑被作为反例进行了研究,它有一个放射状的喷出物覆盖层,因此没有倾斜轨迹的迹象。陨石坑中的撞击没有显示出优先方向。这些结果将有助于巩固撞击坑中的非径向结构特征与从倾斜撞击弹丸传递到目标的动量水平分量之间的相关性。
Impact crater formation is a highly dynamic and complex geological phenomenon. Methods of structural geology are capable of giving insights into deformation processes that occur during cratering. While most deformation observed in craters exhibits a generally radial symmetry, recent discoveries of non-radial structural elements in the central uplifts of terrestrial craters have led to the suggestion that obliquely impacting projectiles can cause non-radial deformation in the central subsurface area of the crater. The lack of ejecta blankets as accepted indicators of an oblique impact on Earth make it difficult to correlate the observed non-radial structures with the impact direction. Therefore, in this study three martian complex impact craters were selected that exhibit an oblique ejecta blanket and layered bedrock in the central uplift. The central uplifts were structurally mapped using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery and additional high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs). Structural data were evaluated and show a correlation between the orientation of at least two structural criteria and the direction of impact: (1) The strike of upturned bedrock layers is on average perpendicular to the impact trajectory and (2) the majority of faults show a preferred trend parallel to the impact trajectory. A fourth martian crater was examined as a counterexample, which had a radial ejecta blanket and thus no indication of an oblique trajectory. Strike in this crater showed no preferred orientation. These results will help to solidify the suggested correlation between non-radial structural features in impact craters and the horizontal component of momentum transferred from an obliquely impacting projectile to the target.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2001
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
N. Artemieva;B. Ivanov
通讯作者: B. Ivanov
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1968
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影响因子: 56.9
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1982
期刊:
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作者:
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Mjølnir 撞击的喷射物形成和陨石坑的发展
DOI: --
发表时间: 2004
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: H. Dypvik