Inequality, deprivation and alcohol use
Inequality, deprivation and alcohol use
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03391.x
复制
发表时间：
1997-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Marmot, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marmot, M
社会内部在健康方面存在着严重的社会不平等。酒精和烟草是健康不良的主要可预防原因。本文使用来自英国的数据，探讨了烟草和酒精消费的社会分布;烟草和酒精在调解或改变健康方面的社会不平等方面可能发挥的作用;以及社会分布对减少与酒精和烟草消费相关的危害的政策的影响。在英国，与许多其他国家一样，社会经济地位与香烟消费之间存在明显的负相关关系。在过去的三十年里，吸烟率的下降在社会经济地位较高的男性和女性中更为平淡。英国的一项研究表明，在有工作的男性和女性中，不饮酒的流行率与职业地位呈负相关;大量饮酒差异不大;适度饮酒在社会经济地位较高的人中更为常见。在冠心病（CHD）死亡率的社会阶层差异中，吸烟可能占25%，肺癌的比例更高，其他一些疾病的比例更低。更健康的饮酒模式可能有助于降低较高社会阶层的冠心病发病率。虽然其他因素在造成社会不平等方面显然也很重要，但在制定政策时必须考虑到酒精和烟草的社会分布情况。就香烟消费而言，有证据表明，社会经济地位较低的群体的需求对价格更为敏感;社会经济地位较高的群体对健康教育更为敏感。对酒精的这种性质的研究较少。现有的分析表明，大量饮酒的价格反应可能在年轻男子和低收入者中最大。定价策略具有重要的权益影响。
There are major social inequalities in health within societies. Alcohol and tobacco are major preventable causes of ill health. Using data from the United Kingdom, this paper examines the social distribution of tobacco and alcohol consumption; the rob that tobacco and alcohol may play in mediating or modifying social inequalities in health; and the implications of social distribution for policies to reduce harm associated with consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In the United Kingdom, as in many other countries, there is clear inverse association between socio-economic position and consumption of cigarettes. Over the past three decades, the decline in smoking has been more vapid in men and women in higher socio-economic groups. United Kingdom suggest that among employed men and women, the prevalence of non-drinking shows art inverse association with occupational status; heavy drinking differs little; and moderate drinking is more common among those of higher socio-economic status. Smoking accounts for perhaps 25% of the social class difference in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, more for lung cancer, less for some other diseases. Healthier patterns of drinking may contribute to the lower CHD rates of higher social classes. Although other factors are clearly important in generating social inequalities, it is important to take the social distribution of alcohol and tobacco into account when formulating policy. For cigarette consumption, there is evidence that in lower socio-economic groups demand is more sensitive to price; higher socio-economic groups are more responsive to health education. There has been less research of this nature for alcohol. Available analyses suggest that price responsiveness of heavy drinking may be greatest in young men and in those with lower incomes. A pricing strategy has important equity implications.