The Future of FPGA Acceleration in Datacenters and the Cloud
The Future of FPGA Acceleration in Datacenters and the Cloud
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DOI：
10.1145/3506713
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发表时间：
2022-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Tessier, Russell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bobda, Christophe;Mbongue, Joel Mandebi;Tessier, Russell
在本文中，我们调查了现有的学术和商业努力，以提供现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）加速在数据中心和云。我们的目标是对现有系统进行批判性审查，并讨论它们从可重构计算早期带有PCI连接的FPGA的单工作站到大规模计算基础设施中FPGA场的集成的演变。从经验教训中，我们讨论了FPGA在数据中心和云计算中的未来，并评估了沿着可能遇到的挑战。本文探讨了当前的体系结构，并讨论了操作系统、中间件和虚拟化所支持的可伸缩性和抽象。当基础设施在不同背景的租户之间共享时，硬件和软件安全性变得至关重要。我们回顾了当前系统的漏洞和可能的攻击场景，并讨论了缓解策略，其中一些影响FPGA架构和技术。这些架构的流行应用程序的可行性进行审查，特别关注深度学习和科学计算。这项工作借鉴研讨会的讨论，小组会议，包括在可重构计算领域的专家参与，这些专家之间的私人讨论。这些相互作用协调了术语、分类法和本手稿中涵盖的重要主题。
In this article, we survey existing academic and commercial efforts to provide Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) acceleration in datacenters and the cloud. The goal is a critical review of existing systems and a discussion of their evolution from single workstations with PCI-attached FPGAs in the early days of reconfigurable computing to the integration of FPGA farms in large-scale computing infrastructures. From the lessons learned, we discuss the future of FPGAs in datacenters and the cloud and assess the challenges likely to be encountered along the way. The article explores current architectures and discusses scalability and abstractions supported by operating systems, middleware, and virtualization. Hardware and software security becomes critical when infrastructure is shared among tenants with disparate backgrounds. We review the vulnerabilities of current systems and possible attack scenarios and discuss mitigation strategies, some of which impact FPGA architecture and technology. The viability of these architectures for popular applications is reviewed, with a particular focus on deep learning and scientific computing. This work draws from workshop discussions, panel sessions including the participation of experts in the reconfigurable computing field, and private discussions among these experts. These interactions have harmonized the terminology, taxonomy, and the important topics covered in this manuscript.