A guide to the archives and manuscripts of The Royal Society
A guide to the archives and manuscripts of The Royal Society
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英国皇家学会档案和手稿指南
DOI：
10.1017/s0025727300062153
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Richard Palmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richard Palmer
思想家们认为，“人的科学”就是这个意思，不包括女性；“自然”提供了差异的基础，而不是消除差异。菲利普·斯隆在其关于人类自然历史的权威文章中对“科学”的含义进行了进一步的探索。他专注于林奈和布冯，这两位科学家对人类科学的构成有着截然不同的观点。林奈的分类与布冯的发展历史观的最终综合奠定了19世纪许多关于人是动物的论述的基础。罗伊·波特关于《医学与人类科学》的文章强调了这两个主题之间的不确定关系。虽然医学在理论上变得更加科学--如果不是在实践中--在18世纪的过程中，医学在更大的启蒙计划中的作用仍然是模棱两可的。尽管彼得·盖伊断言医学是启蒙运动“神经恢复”的核心，但波特看到的不是因果关系的箭头，而是复杂的思想相互作用，医学是其中之一。格洛丽亚·弗莱厄蒂对催眠术等所谓“非正常科学”的描述、弗朗茨·约瑟夫·加尔的“器官学”和约翰·卡斯帕·拉瓦特的相貌概念，进一步削弱了18世纪医学的科学主张。关于社会、政治和政治经济学的论文进一步扩展了人文科学的范围。这本书很好地介绍了启蒙运动思想的一些核心问题。一本散文集，如果它像这一本一样组织得很好，它的价值可能远远超过它各部分的总和。编写一份记录存储库内容指南并非易事。我可以保证这一点，因为在兰贝斯宫图书馆，我们的指南的准备工作早在1962年就在进行中，它还没有出现。读者的查询、采购、新收藏的上市和一千项其他任务都会受到干扰，最后期限更紧迫。然后，业内有声音质疑，在新的收购很快使指南变得不完整的情况下，是否值得出版一本指南。当数据库的在线搜索越来越多地提供更直接的信息访问时，是否有必要这样做？从研究人员的角度来看，答案当然是肯定的。每一位第一次进入档案室的学者都需要指南提供的基本定位，即制定搜索策略的第一步。更值得称赞的是，这里回顾的两本指南的作者。…
thinkers, the "science of man" meant exactly that and did not include women; and that "nature" provided the foundation of difference, not its erasure. Additional exploration of the meaning of "science" is provided by Phillip Sloan in his magisterial essay on the natural history of man. He concentrates on Linnaeus and Buffon, practising scientists with very different views of what constituted human science. The ultimate synthesis of Linnaean classification with Buffon's historical view of development underlay much nineteenth-century discourse on humans as animals. Roy Porter's essay on 'Medical science and human science' underlines the uncertain relationship between these two topics. While medicine became more scientific-in theory if not in practice-over the course of the eighteenth century, the role of medicine in the larger Enlightenment project remained ambiguous. Despite Peter Gay's assertion that medicine was central to the Enlightenment "recovery of nerve", Porter sees not a causal arrow but a complex interplay of ideas among which medicine was one of many. Gloria Flaherty's account of the so-called "non-normal sciences" such as mesmerism, Franz Joseph Gall's "organology" and Johann Caspar Lavater's notions of physiognomy serves to undermine yet more the claims to science of eighteenth-century medicine. Essays on society, politics, and political economy further extend the range of human science. This volume provides a good introduction to some of the central questions of Enlightenment thought. A collection of essays, when it is as well-organized as this one, can be worth far more than the sum of its parts. Writing a guide to the contents of a record repository is no mean task. I can vouch for this, since at Lambeth Palace Library the preparation of our guide was in progress as long ago as 1962; it has yet to appear. Readers' enquiries, acquisitions, the listing of new collections and a thousand other tasks intrude, with more pressing deadlines. Then there are voices in the profession which question whether it is worthwhile to publish a guide at all, when new acquisitions soon render it incomplete. Is it necessary when the on-line searching of databases increasingly offers more immediate access to information? The answer from the researcher's point of view is certainly yes. Every scholar who enters a record office for the first time needs the essential orientation, the first steps in formulating a search strategy, which the guide provides. All the more credit goes to the authors of the two guides reviewed here. …