Foundation species promote community stability by increasing diversity in a giant kelp forest
Foundation species promote community stability by increasing diversity in a giant kelp forest
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2987
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发表时间：
2020-02-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Reed, Daniel C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamy, Thomas;Koenigs, Craig;Reed, Daniel C.
基础物种构建群落，促进生物多样性，并通过创造当地稳定的环境条件来稳定生态系统进程。尽管它们至关重要，但基础物种在稳定自然群落方面的作用很少被量化。从理论上讲，基础物种的稳定性应该通过提高物种丰富度，改变个体物种的种群波动，或两者兼而有之来促进群落稳定。在这里，我们测试的假设，海洋基础物种的稳定性，巨藻Macrocystis pyrifera，增加了稳定性的聚集生物量的一个生物多样性组合的林下藻类和固着无脊椎动物，竞争巨大的海带树冠下的空间。为了实现这一目标，我们分析了一个18年的时间序列的巨型海带和相关的底栖生物群落的生物量，从32个地块分布在9个浅礁在圣巴巴拉通道，美国。结果表明，林下藻类和固着无脊椎动物的稳定性与巨藻的稳定性存在正相关和间接相关，这主要是巨藻与物种丰富度直接正相关的结果。各群落类型的稳定性均与物种丰富度呈正相关，表现为物种稳定性和物种多样性的增加。当单独考虑藻类和无脊椎动物时，丰富度的稳定作用比结合起来强三到四倍。我们的发现，多样性稳定性的关系更强的物种组成的社区具有相似的资源需求表明，竞争共享资源，而不是对环境条件的差异反应在稳定社会中发挥了更重要的作用。全球范围内对结构形成基础物种的威胁日益增加，需要详细了解它们如何影响其相关社区。这项研究是第一个表明，基础物种生物量的时间波动是其所支持的复杂群落稳定性的重要决定因素。
Foundation species structure communities, promote biodiversity, and stabilize ecosystem processes by creating locally stable environmental conditions. Despite their critical importance, the role of foundation species in stabilizing natural communities has seldom been quantified. In theory, the stability of a foundation species should promote community stability by enhancing species richness, altering the population fluctuations of individual species, or both. Here we tested the hypothesis that the stability of a marine foundation species, the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, increased the stability of the aggregate biomass of a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of understory algae and sessile invertebrates that compete for space beneath the giant kelp canopy. To achieve this goal, we analyzed an 18-yr time series of the biomass of giant kelp and its associated benthic community collected from 32 plots distributed among nine shallow reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, USA. We showed that the stability of understory algae and sessile invertebrates was positively and indirectly related to the stability of giant kelp, which primarily resulted from giant kelp's direct positive association with species richness. The stability of all community types was positively related to species richness via increased species stability and species asynchrony. The stabilizing effects of richness were three to four times stronger when algae and invertebrates were considered separately rather than in combination. Our finding that diversity-stability relationships were stronger in communities consisting of species with similar resource requirements suggests that competition for shared resources rather than differential responses to environmental conditions played a more important role in stabilizing the community. Increasing threats to structure-forming foundation species worldwide necessitates a detailed understanding of how they influence their associated community. This study is among the first to show that dampened temporal fluctuations in the biomass of a foundation species is an important determinant of the stability of the complex communities it supports.