Exposure of the US population to lead, 1991-1994
Exposure of the US population to lead, 1991-1994
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DOI：
10.2307/3434264
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Paschal, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pirkle, JL;Kaufmann, RB;Paschal, DC
对1991年至1994年参加第三次全国健康和营养调查(NHANES III)第二阶段的13642名1岁及1岁以上的人进行了血铅测量。NHANES III是一项针对美国非制度化平民人口的全国性代表性调查。美国1岁及以上人口的总体平均血铅水平为2.3微克/分升，2.2%的人口血铅水平大于或等于儿童健康关注度10微克/分升。在1-5岁的美国儿童中，平均血铅水平为2.7微克/分升，其中89万名儿童(4.4%)的血铅水平升高。与儿童血铅水平较高相关的社会人口学因素是非西班牙裔黑人种族/民族、低收入和居住在老房子里。在居住在1946年前建造的房屋中的非西班牙裔黑人儿童中，血铅水平升高的患病率为21.9%，在居住在1946年前建造的房屋中的低收入家庭儿童中，血铅水平升高的患病率为16.4%。美国人口的血铅水平继续下降，但89万儿童的血铅水平仍处于高位。公共卫生努力已经成功地从汽油和含铅食品和饮料罐等全人口来源中消除了铅，但国家环境管理计划的努力必须解决含铅油漆的难题，特别是在较老的房屋中，以及灰尘和土壤中的铅。铅中毒预防项目应针对高危人群，如住在老房子里的儿童、少数民族儿童和生活在低收入家庭的儿童。
Blood lead measurements were obtained on 13,642 persons aged 1 year and older who participated in Phase 2 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) from 1991 through 1994. NHANES III is a national representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The overall mean blood lead level for the U.S. population aged 1 year and older was 2.3 mu g/dl, with 2.2% of the population having levels greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dl, the level of health concern for children. Among U.S. children aged 1-5 years, the mean blood lead level was 2.7 mu g/dl, and 890,000 of these children (4.4%) had elevated blood lead levels. Sociodemographic factors associated with higher blood lead levels in children were non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, low income, and residence in older housing. The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels was 21.9% among non-Hispanic black children living in homes built before 1946 and 16.4% among children in low-income families who lived in homes built before 1946. Blood lead levels continue to decline in the U.S. population, but 890,000 children still have elevated levels. Public health efforts have been successful in removing lead from population-wide sources such as gasoline and lead-soldered food and drink cans, but nem efforts must address the difficult problem of leaded paint, especially in older houses, as well as lead in dust and soil. Lead poisoning prevention programs should target high-risk persons, such as children who live in old homes, children of minority groups, and children living in families with low income.