Nationwide Supplementation of Sodium Selenate to Commercial Fertilizers: History and 25-year Results from the Finnish Selenium Monitoring Programme
Nationwide Supplementation of Sodium Selenate to Commercial Fertilizers: History and 25-year Results from the Finnish Selenium Monitoring Programme
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DOI：
10.1079/9781845937140.0312
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aro, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alfthan, G.;Aspila, P.;Aro, A.
硒在世界各地土壤中的分布是不均匀的。由于气候和地球化学原因，芬兰是世界上硒含量较低的地区之一。为了提高芬兰食品和动物健康的质量，增加人口的硒摄入量，1984年作出了一项官方决定，在复合肥料中添加硒。自1985年以来，芬兰使用的几乎所有肥料都含有硒。本章的目的是报告在商业肥料中添加硒对土壤、饲料、基本食品、膳食硒摄入量、人体组织和环境的影响，在监测方案范围内，自1985年以来，至少每年对谷物、基本食品、饲料、肥料、土壤和人体组织进行取样。每年对硒分析的系统误差进行一次质量评估，由7个实验室参加，结果表明，与施硒前相比，春季谷物中硒的含量平均增加了15倍。与施硒前相比，牛肉和猪肉中的平均硒浓度分别增加了6倍和2倍，牛奶中的硒浓度增加了3倍。平均膳食摄入量从0.04毫克硒/天增加到2000年代中期的0.07毫克硒/天。2006年，动物源性食物占每日硒摄入量的75%以上。人血浆硒浓度平均增加60%，硒状态最佳。尚未发现硒向天然沃茨中迁移的明显迹象。在地球化学条件相对统一的芬兰，全国范围内补充含硒肥料已被证明是使全民硒摄入量达到推荐水平的有效、安全和可控的方法。此外，动物的福利也得到了保障。
Selenium is unevenly distributed in soils worldwide. For climatic and geochemical reasons, Finland is one of the low-selenium regions in the world. To improve the quality of Finnish foods and animal health and to increase the selenium intake of the population, an official decision was made in 1984 to supplement compound fertilizers with selenium. Practically all fertilizers used in Finland have contained selenium since 1985. The objective of this chapter is to report the effects of the supplementation of selenium to commercial fertilizers on soils, feeds, basic foodstuffs, dietary selenium intake, human tissues and the environment.Within a monitoring programme, sampling of cereals, basic foodstuffs, feeds, fertilizers, soils and human tissues has been carried out at least annually since 1985. The systematic error in selenium analyses has been followed annually by a quality assessment scheme involving seven participating laboratories.The selenium concentration of spring cereals increased on average 15-fold compared with the level before the selenium fertilization practice. The mean selenium concentration in beef and pork increased six-and twofold, respectively, and in milk threefold, compared with levels before selenium fertilization. The average dietary intake increased from 0.04 mg Se/day to a plateau of 0.07 mg Se/day in the mid-2000s. Foods of animal origin in 2006 contributed over 75% of the total daily intake of selenium. The mean human plasma selenium concentration increased by 60% and the selenium status is optimal. Evident signs of selenium transport into natural waters have not been found.In Finland, where the geochemical conditions are relatively uniform, the nationwide supplementation of fertilizers with selenium has proved to be an effective, safe and controlled way of bringing the selenium intake of the whole population to the recommended level. Moreover the well-being of animals has been secured.