Extratropical Cyclones: Their Mesoscale Structure, Precipitation and Role in the Transport of Water
Extratropical Cyclones: Their Mesoscale Structure, Precipitation and Role in the Transport of Water
复制标题
温带气旋：它们的中尺度结构、降水和在水输送中的作用
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-03289-3_6
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Stewart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Stewart
这篇文章的重点是热带气旋的性质，特别是它们对水循环的影响。这些云系产生了中纬度地区的大部分降水。整体风暴中的嵌入特征，如降水带，是最大降水的原因，这些特征通常但不总是与锋面有关。根据背景大尺度强迫、稳定性和水汽供应情况，这些系统从可用水汽中产生降水的程度（降水效率）变化很大。这些系统发挥的其他作用是，例如，将水分输送到对流层的高区域，并通过降水的蒸发或升华使低层增湿，但对这些方面的定量研究很少。因此，对流层外气旋通过影响降水和整个对流层的水汽重新分布，直接影响大规模的水循环。遥感通过提供对往往无法用任何其他手段测量的关键特征的定量观测，在推进对热带气旋及其影响的研究方面发挥着关键作用。
The focus of this article is the nature of extratropical cyclones and in particular their effects on the water cycle. These cloud systems produce much of the precipitation found in mid-latitudes. Embedded features within the overall storm, such as precipitation bands, account for the greatest precipitation and these features are often, but not always, linked with frontal surfaces. Depending on the background large scale forcing, stability and moisture availability, the degree to which these systems produce precipitation from the available vapour (the precipitation efficiency) varies widely. Other roles played by these systems are, for example, the transport of moisture to high regions of the troposphere and the moistening of low levels through the evaporation or sublimation of falling precipitation, but little quantitative work on such aspects has been conducted. Extratropical cyclones therefore directly affect the large scale water cycle through their impact on precipitation and the re-distribution of vapour throughout the troposphere. Remote sensing plays a critical role in advancing the study of extratropical cyclones and their impacts by providing quantitative observations of critical features that often cannot be measured by any other means.