Dive heart rate in harbour porpoises is influenced by exercise and expectations
Dive heart rate in harbour porpoises is influenced by exercise and expectations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.168740
复制
发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Madsen, Peter T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDonald, Birgitte I.;Johnson, Mark;Madsen, Peter T.
潜水反应，即心率（f（H））和外周血管收缩的降低，是屏气潜水员进行长时间潜水的关键机制。人们对鳍足类动物潜水时这种明显的心血管反应进行了深入的研究，但对鲸类动物的了解相对较少，特别是在生态相关的环境中。在这里，我们研究了最小的鲸类动物之一，港口鼠海豚（Phocoena phocoena）的潜水f（H）响应。我们使用了一种新型的多传感器数据记录器记录潜水行为，f（H），通风和喂养事件在三个训练有素的鼠海豚，提供鲸类f（H）调节的第一次评估，同时执行各种自然行为，包括猎物捕获。我们预测，标记的港口江豚将表现出减少f（H）在所有的潜水，但心动过缓的程度会受到潜水持续时间和活动，即潜水f（H）的反应将运动调制。在所有潜水中，f（H）与水面速率相比至少降低50%（平均最大水面f（H）= 173次/分（-1），平均最小潜水f（H）= 50次/分（-1））;然而，在主动潜水中，由于f（H）降低较慢，f（H）在追逐猎物期间变化更大，因此潜水f（H）大约高出10次/分（-1）。我们发现，海豚表现出典型的屏气潜水员心动过缓在有氧潜水和f（H）的反应是由运动和潜水持续时间调制;然而，其他变量，如期望和个体差异在确定潜水f（H）同样重要。
The dive response, a decrease in heart rate (f(H)) and peripheral vasoconstriction, is the key mechanism allowing breath-hold divers to perform long-duration dives. This pronounced cardiovascular response to diving has been investigated intensely in pinnipeds, but comparatively little is known for cetaceans, in particular in ecologically relevant settings. Here, we studied the dive f(H) response in one of the smallest cetaceans, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). We used a novel multi-sensor data logger to record dive behaviour, f(H), ventilations and feeding events in three trained porpoises, providing the first evaluation of cetacean f(H) regulation while performing a variety of natural behaviours, including prey capture. We predicted that tagged harbour porpoises would exhibit a decrease in f(H) in all dives, but the degree of bradycardia would be influenced by dive duration and activity, i.e. the dive f(H) response would be exercise modulated. In all dives, f(H) decreased compared with surface rates by at least 50% (mean maximum surface f(H)= 173 beats min(-1), mean minimum dive f(H)= 50 beats min(-1)); however, dive f(H) was approximately 10 beats min(-1) higher in active dives as a result of a slower decrease in f(H) and more variable f(H) during pursuit of prey. We show that porpoises exhibit the typical breath-hold diver bradycardia during aerobic dives and that the f(H) response is modulated by exercise and dive duration; however, other variables such as expectations and individual differences are equally important in determining diving f(H).