Mucosal immunity in the female genital tract
Mucosal immunity in the female genital tract
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00061-2
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发表时间：
1997-11-30
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Brandtzaeg, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brandtzaeg, P
粘膜组织中的免疫球蛋白（Ig）产生细胞在定量上代表了人体最重要的体液免疫系统。所有外分泌组织部位都含有免疫细胞（b细胞母细胞和浆细胞），它们主要合成含有J链的IgA二聚体和较大的聚合物（统称pIgA）。这种pIgA通过聚合Ig受体（pIgR），一种跨膜上皮糖蛋白，也称为分泌成分（SC），作为分泌性IgA （SIgA）主动运输到外部分泌物。同样的转运机制包括产生SIgM的五聚体IgM。尽管最活跃的SIgA系统发生在肠道，但分泌性免疫也在女性生殖道中起作用，在宫颈黏膜和输卵管中产生大量的pIgA。这些局部IgA免疫细胞的来源尚不清楚。在小鼠中，大肠（GALT）和鼻咽部（NALT）的淋巴组织都被认为是B细胞归巢到泌尿生殖道的诱导位点。已证实，整合素- 4 - 7通过与小静脉内皮上表达的粘膜寻址细胞粘附分子(MAdCAM)-1相互作用进入肠固有层。然而，α 4 β 7似乎不是气道中重要的归巢分子，泌尿生殖道可能也是如此；这可以解释鼻腔免疫后小鼠宫颈阴道分泌物中出现高水平的IgA抗体。子宫内膜同样可以进行pigr介导的pIgA外部易位，在该组织中，pIgA似乎主要来自血清，部分受激素调节。此外，血清来源和局部产生的IgG通过上皮细胞旁扩散是女性生殖道体液免疫的重要组成部分。(C) 1997爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司
Immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells in mucosal tissues represent quantitatively the most important humoral immune system of the body. All exocrine tissue sites contain immunocytes (B-cell blasts and plasma cells) that mainly synthesize dimers and larger polymers of IgA (collectively called pIgA) with incorporated J chain. Such pIgA is actively transported to external secretions as secretory IgA (SIgA) by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), a transmembrane epithelial glycoprotein also called the secretory component (SC). The same transport mechanism includes pentameric IgM to generate SIgM. Although the most active SIgA system occurs in the gut, secretory immunity also operates in the female genital tract, with considerable pIgA production in the cervical mucosa and fallopian tubes. The origin of these local IgA immunocytes remains undefined. In mice, both lymphoid tissue in the large bowel (GALT) and nasopharynx (NALT) have been suggested as inductive sites for B cells homing to the urogenital tract. It is well established that integrin alpha 4 beta 7 is used by primed lymphoid cells to enter the intestinal lamina propria through interactions with mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM)-1 expressed on venule endothelium. However, alpha 4 beta 7 does not appear to be an important homing molecule in the airways, and the same might be true for the urogenital tract; this could explain that high levels of IgA antibodies occur in cervicovaginal secretions of mice after nasal immunization. The endometrium can likewise perform pIgR-mediated external translocation of pIgA that in this tissue appears to be mainly derived from serum, partly under hormonal regulation. In addition, paracellular diffusion of serum-derived and locally produced IgG through epithelia is an important part of humoral immunity in the female genital tract. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.