Drownproofing of Low Overflow Structures
Drownproofing of Low Overflow Structures
复制标题
低溢流结构的防水
DOI：
10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1991)117:2(205
复制
发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
W. Birk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. J. Leutheusser;W. Birk
水跃淹没经常发生在低溢流结构，例如堰和低水头坝。在这些情况下，跳跃退化为旋转电流，在看似静止的下游水池中产生强大的上游定向表面速度。这种漩涡通常被独木舟者和水上安全专家称为“水力”，他们担心并尊重其造成伤害和死亡的可能性，但这种现象在水利工程文献中几乎是未知的。通过分析和实验证据，本文展示了如何通过充分增加结构高度以促进适当水跃的形成，或通过在挡板溜槽上采用连续能量耗散的级联概念来消除“水力”。然而，在前一种情况下，所需的高度很容易变得太大，以至于可能被认为是不可接受的。另一方面，折流槽溢洪道具有环保吸引力，可以在各种操作条件下正常运行，并且完全不受尾水深度的影响。
Submergence of hydraulic jumps occurs frequently at low overflow structures, such as weirs and low-head dams. In these cases the jump degenerates into a rotating current that produces a strong upstream-directed surface velocity in an otherwise seemingly quiescent downstream pool. This vortex is commonly called the \Ihydraulic\N by canoeists and water safety experts who fear and respect its potential to maim and kill, yet the phenomenon is virtually unknown in the hydraulic engineering literature. Using analysis and experimental evidence, the paper shows how the \Ihydraulic\N may be eliminated by either increasing the height of the structure sufficiently to promote formation of a proper hydraulic jump, or by adopting the cascade concept of continuous energy dissipation on a baffled chute. In the former instance, the required height can easily become so great, however, that it may be deemed unacceptable. On the other hand, baffled-chute spillways are environmentally attractive, known to function well over a wide range of operating conditions, and completely independent of tailwater depth.