Nicotine withdrawal-induced negative affect is a function of nicotine dependence and not liability to depression or anxiety.
Nicotine withdrawal-induced negative affect is a function of nicotine dependence and not liability to depression or anxiety.
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尼古丁戒断引起的负面影响是尼古丁依赖的结果，而不是抑郁或焦虑的原因。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntr058
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kendler,KennethS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards,AlexisC;Kendler,KennethS
戒烟者经常会出现焦虑和/或抑郁的症状。目前尚不清楚这些症状是否反映了对负面影响的普遍倾向，或者这些症状是否是尼古丁戒断的一种功能，从而与尼古丁依赖（ND）有关。方法以人群为基础的双胞胎样本（N= 4,777人）报告了他们在尝试戒烟后的精神病理史、ND和焦虑和抑郁症状。使用双胞表型预测戒断诱导的消极情绪症状，并测试遗传因素是否影响对这些症状的倾向性。结果sco -twin的ND与尼古丁戒断引起的焦虑和抑郁症状显著相关。此外，同卵双胞胎比异卵双胞胎更能预测预后，这表明遗传因素对风险有影响。同卵双胞胎的精神病理史并不能预测结果，这表明对戒断引起的负面影响的倾向与尼古丁戒断以外的负面影响的倾向是独立的。结论：这些发现表明，尼古丁戒断时出现的焦虑或抑郁症状是戒断综合征的一个组成部分，症状的严重程度与ND水平有关。ND潜在的遗传影响有助于这些症状的发生。虽然精神病理可能通过其与ND的相关性与戒断症状间接相关，但它不能直接预测戒断症状。
IntroductionIndividuals who quit smoking frequently experience symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. It is not clear whether these symptoms index liability to negative affect generally or whether such symptoms are a function of nicotine withdrawal and are thus indexed by nicotine dependence (ND).MethodsA population-based sample of twins (N= 4,777 individuals) reported their lifetime history of psychopathology, ND, and symptoms of anxiety and depression experienced after attempts to quit smoking. Co-twin phenotype was used to predict withdrawal-induced symptoms of negative affect and to test whether genetic factors influence liability to these symptoms.ResultsCo-twin's ND was significantly associated with nicotine withdrawal-induced symptoms of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, monozygotic co-twins more strongly predicted outcome than did dizygotic co-twins, indicating that genetic factors contribute to risk. Co-twins’ history of psychopathology did not predict outcome, suggesting that liability to withdrawal-induced negative affect is independent of a liability to negative affect outside the context of nicotine withdrawal.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that symptoms of anxiety or depression experienced in the context of nicotine withdrawal are best conceptualized as a component of the withdrawal syndrome, with the severity of symptoms indexed by level of ND. Genetic influences underlying ND contribute to the liability to these symptoms. Though psychopathology might be indirectly related to withdrawal-induced symptoms through its correlation with ND, it is not directly predictive of withdrawal symptoms.