Pentraxins in innate immunity: From C-reactive protein to the long pentraxin PTX3
Pentraxins in innate immunity: From C-reactive protein to the long pentraxin PTX3
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DOI：
10.1007/s10875-007-9126-7
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Bottazzi, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mantovani, Alberto;Garlanda, Cecilia;Bottazzi, Barbara
正五聚蛋白是一类在进化中高度保守的多聚体模式识别蛋白。根据亚基的一级结构，正五聚素分为两类：短正五聚素和长正五聚素。C-反应蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白P-组分是在肝脏中产生的典型短五聚蛋白，而长五聚蛋白家族的原型是PTX 3。天然免疫细胞和血管细胞响应促炎信号和Toll样受体接合产生PTX 3。PTX 3与几种配体相互作用，包括生长因子、细胞外基质组分和选定的病原体，在补体激活中发挥作用，促进病原体识别，并作为抗体的前体。此外，PTX 3在女性生育力中是必不可少的，作用于卵丘细胞外基质的组装。因此，PTX 3是一种多功能可溶性模式识别受体，作为先天免疫的体液臂的非冗余组分，并参与调节炎症、基质沉积和女性生育力。有证据表明，PTX 3是一种有用的新血清学标志物，可快速反映不同临床条件下的组织炎症和损伤。
Pentraxins are a family of multimeric pattern-recognition proteins highly conserved in evolution. Based on the primary structure of the subunit, the pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P-component are classic short pentraxins produced in the liver, whereas the prototype of the long pentraxin family is PTX3. Innate immunity cells and vascular cells produce PTX3 in response to proinflammatory signals and Toll-like receptor engagement. PTX3 interacts with several ligands, including growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and selected pathogens, playing a role in complement activation, facilitating pathogen recognition, and acting as a predecessor of antibodies. In addition, PTX3 is essential in female fertility acting on the assembly of the cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix. Thus, PTX3 is a multifunctional soluble pattern recognition receptor acting as a nonredundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity and involved in tuning inflammation, in matrix deposition and female fertility. Evidence suggests that PTX3 is a useful new serological marker, rapidly reflecting tissue inflammation and damage under diverse clinical conditions.