Patterns in the Microbial Community of Salt-Tolerant Plants and the Functional Genes Associated with Salt Stress Alleviation.
Patterns in the Microbial Community of Salt-Tolerant Plants and the Functional Genes Associated with Salt Stress Alleviation.
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耐盐植物微生物群落模式及缓解盐胁迫相关功能基因
DOI：
10.1128/spectrum.00767-21
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发表时间：
2021-10-31
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhang CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zheng Y;Xu Z;Liu H;Liu Y;Zhou Y;Meng C;Ma S;Xie Z;Li Y;Zhang CS
盐度是影响植物生长的重要非生物胁迫。我们知道，植物可以从周围土壤中募集有益的微生物。然而，耐盐植物中核心微生物组的生态功能以及其驱动因子在很大程度上尚未探索。在这里，我们采用了Amplicon和shot弹枪元基因组测序，研究了来自三种含盐植物的散装土壤和根瘤菌室样品的微生物组和功能特征（豆类甘氨酸soja和Sesbania Cannabina和Sesbania Cannabina and nonnolegume sorghum bicolor）。在空间梯度之后，在根茎室中发现了微生物和功能基因的强滤器效应。主要的细菌属于豆科氏菌的恩斯弗剂和芽孢杆菌的芽孢杆菌。尽管不同的含盐植物具有不同的细菌群落，但它们均丰富了与细胞运动，Na+转运和植物生长促进功能（例如氮固定和磷酸盐溶解度）中涉及的基因，这意味着比微生物的微生物组成了微生物的微生物组合，而不是微生物构成的微生物构成。此外，获得了与ENSIFER相关的三个元基因组组装的基因组，并预测了它们的盐分胁迫减轻遗传基础。土壤pH，电导率和总氮是解释上述微生物和功能基因选择的最重要驱动因素。相应地，通过提供根部渗出物来增强内生菌的生长，ensifer Meliloti CL09，这表明根部渗出液可能是根际和胚层微生物群选择的因素之一。总体而言，这项研究揭示了居住在含盐植物根源的人群的生态功能。
重要性盐度是影响植物生长的重要但研究少的非生物压力源。尽管以前的几份报告已经检查了耐盐的植物微生物群落，但我们仍然对该人群的功能特征和基因组信息缺乏全面的了解。这项研究的结果揭示了富含根的细菌基团，并发现三种耐盐的植物藏有不同的细菌种群。三种元基因组组装基因组的预测证实了根主要物种在帮助植物耐受盐胁迫中的关键作用。进一步的分析表明，植物根据土壤的生态功能富含微生物组，而不是微生物分类群。这凸显了微生物功能在增强植物对盐水土壤适应性的适应性方面的重要性，这意味着我们应该更加关注微生物功能，而不仅仅是分类信息。最终，这些结果为未来的农业提供了洞察力，利用盐水上的微生物的各种功能。
Salinity is an important abiotic stress affecting plant growth. We have known that plants can recruit beneficial microbes from the surrounding soil. However, the ecological functions of the core microbiome in salt-tolerant plants, together with their driving factors, remain largely unexplored. Here, we employed both amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to investigate the microbiome and function signatures of bulk soil and rhizocompartment samples from three salt-tolerant plants (legumes Glycine soja and Sesbania cannabina and nonlegume Sorghum bicolor). Strong filtration effects for microbes and functional genes were found in the rhizocompartments following a spatial gradient. The dominant bacteria belonged to Ensifer for legumes and Bacillus for S. bicolor. Although different salt-tolerant plants harbored distinct bacterial communities, they all enriched genes involved in cell motility, Na+ transport, and plant growth-promoting function (e.g., nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization) in rhizoplane soils, implying that the microbiome assembly of salt-tolerant plants might depend on the ecological functions of microbes rather than microbial taxa. Moreover, three metagenome-assembled genomes affiliated to Ensifer were obtained, and their genetic basis for salt stress alleviation were predicted. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were the most important driving factors for explaining the above microbial and functional gene selection. Correspondingly, the growth of an endophyte, Ensifer meliloti CL09, was enhanced by providing root exudates, suggesting that root exudates might be one of factors in the selection of rhizosphere and endosphere microbiota. Overall, this study reveals the ecological functions of the populations inhabiting the root of salt-tolerant plants. IMPORTANCE Salinity is an important but little-studied abiotic stressor affecting plant growth. Although several previous reports have examined salt-tolerant plant microbial communities, we still lack a comprehensive understanding about the functional characteristics and genomic information of this population. The results of this study revealed the root-enriched and -depleted bacterial groups, and found three salt-tolerant plants harbored different bacterial populations. The prediction of three metagenome-assembled genomes confirmed the critical role of root dominant species in helping plants tolerate salt stress. Further analysis indicated that plants enriched microbiome from soil according to their ecological functions but not microbial taxa. This highlights the importance of microbial function in enhancing plant adaptability to saline soil and implies that we should pay more attention to microbial function and not only to taxonomic information. Ultimately, these results provide insight for future agriculture using the various functions of microorganisms on the saline soil.