Growth hormone can act as a cytokine controlling survival and proliferation of immune cells: new insights into signaling pathways
Growth hormone can act as a cytokine controlling survival and proliferation of immune cells: new insights into signaling pathways
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DOI：
10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00014-x
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发表时间：
2002-02-25
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Baixeras, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jeay, S;Sonenshein, GE;Baixeras, E
虽然生长激素（GH）被经典地定义为肽激素，但最近的证据支持GH在应激条件下在免疫系统中充当细胞因子的作用，抵消糖皮质激素的免疫抑制。类肉瘤细胞表达属于细胞因子受体超家族的GH受体，并且GH可以由免疫组织产生，表明GH的自分泌/旁分泌作用模式。生长激素可作为细胞因子，促进淋巴细胞的细胞周期进程，防止细胞凋亡。GH的这些作用主要由PI-3激酶/Akt通路和转录因子NF-κ B介导。几种细胞周期介质，以及Bcl-2，c-Myc和cyclin蛋白的表达被发现由GH调节。NF-κ B促进免疫细胞在应激条件下的存活。因此，GH不仅作为激素，而且作为细胞因子，在免疫系统细胞中发挥潜在的重要作用。最后，在这篇迷你评论中，我们将讨论这些分子在GH信号通路中的发现是否为GH调节免疫系统细胞的凋亡，增殖和肿瘤转化的其他作用机制提供了新的见解。(C)2002爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
While growth hormone (GH) is classically defined as a peptide hormone, recent evidence supports a role for GH acting as a cytokine in the immune system under conditions of stress, counteracting immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Lymphoid cells express the GH receptor, which belongs to the cytokine receptor superfamily, and GH can be produced by immune tissues, suggesting an autocrine/paracrine mode of action of GH. GH can act as a cytokine, promoting cell cycle progression of lymphoid cells and preventing apoptosis. These effects of GH were shown to be mainly mediated by the PI-3 kinase/Akt pathway and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Expression of several cell cycle mediators, as well as Bcl-2, c-Myc and cyclin proteins were found to be regulated by GH. Survival of immune cells under conditions of stress was promoted by NF-kappaB. Thus, GH acts not only as a hormone but also as a cytokine, playing a potentially important role in immune system cells. Lastly, in this mini-review, we will discuss whether the discovery of these molecules in GH signaling pathways offers new insights into additional mechanisms of action whereby GH regulates apoptosis, proliferation and neoplastic transformation of cells of the immune system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.