Water links the historical and contemporary components of the Australian bird diversity gradient
Water links the historical and contemporary components of the Australian bird diversity gradient
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01238.x
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Soeller, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hawkins, BA;Diniz, JAF;Soeller, SA
目的记录大陆鸟类物种丰富度梯度中历史信号的地理结构，评估当代和历史气候条件对丰富度格局产生和维持的影响。位置Australia.Methods我们使用繁殖鸟类的范围图来产生四种粒度的物种丰富度空间格局，和两种分子生物学方法来衡量鸟类在每种粒度下的进化发展水平。然后，我们使用简单的相关性和路径分析来生成一个基于环境预测变量的物种丰富度的统计模型，并比较丰富度的空间格局和平均进化发展，以确定整个大陆丰富度和净多样化率之间可能的环境联系。（水-能量平衡的量度），通过植物生产直接和间接地操作，并且这对分析的空间分辨率是稳健的。此外，物种丰富度和动物群进化发展的平均水平表现出很强的空间对应性，例如干燥地区支持更少的物种和来自更高衍生科的物种，而潮湿地区支持更多的基底科和衍生科的物种。进化模式符合一个类似的模式已知的植物和可能是由增加在澳大利亚西部和中部的干旱所引起的中新世.主要结论当代鸟类丰富度梯度包含一个历史信号，反映了目前的水资源水平的影响，以及降雨模式的变化，延长进化时间。即使在没有明显的硬障碍阻止扩散的情况下，历史信号仍然存在。
Aim To document the geographical structure of the historical signal in the continental species richness gradient of birds and evaluate the influences of contemporary and historical climatic conditions on the generation and maintenance of the richness pattern.Location Australia.Methods We used range maps of breeding birds to generate the spatial pattern of species richness at four grain sizes, and two molecular phylogenies to measure the level of evolutionary development of avifaunas at each grain size. We then used simple correlation and path analysis to generate a statistical model of species richness using environmental predictor variables and compared the spatial patterns of richness and mean evolutionary development to identify possible environmental links between richness and net diversification rates across the continent.Results The contemporary richness pattern is well explained statistically by actual evapotranspiration (a measure of water-energy balance), operating both directly and indirectly through plant production, and this is robust to the spatial resolution of the analysis. Further, species richness and the mean level of evolutionary development of faunas show a strong spatial correspondence, such that dry areas support both fewer species and species from more highly derived families, whereas wet areas support more species of both basal and derived families. The evolutionary pattern conforms to a similar pattern known for plants and is probably explained by the increase in aridity in western and central Australia arising in the Miocene.Main conclusions The contemporary bird richness gradient contains a historical signal and reflects the effects of both current levels of water availability as well as changes in rainfall patterns extending over evolutionary time. The historical signal persists even in the absence of obvious hard barriers to dispersal.