BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL-EFFECTS OF PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DEFICIENCY ON RETINA AND BRAIN IN RHESUS-MONKEYS
BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL-EFFECTS OF PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DEFICIENCY ON RETINA AND BRAIN IN RHESUS-MONKEYS
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.83.11.4021
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发表时间：
1986-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
LUCK, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NEURINGER, M;CONNOR, WE;LUCK, S
二十二碳六烯酸[22：6 ω 3; 22：6-（4，7，10，13，16，19）]是视网膜感光膜和大脑灰质中的主要多不饱和脂肪酸。它必须从饮食中获得或通过从其它ω 3脂肪酸（主要是α-ω 3脂肪酸）合成获得。亚麻酸（18：3 ω 3）。我们测试了妊娠期和出生后发育期间饮食ω 3脂肪酸剥夺对视网膜和大脑皮层的脂肪酸组成以及对视觉功能的影响。恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）在整个怀孕期间被喂食18：3 ω 3非常低的半纯化饮食，并且它们的婴儿从出生起接受类似的饮食。对照组的雌性和它们的婴儿接受提供充足18：3 ω 3的半纯化饮食。在缺乏组的近足月胎儿和新生儿中，在视网膜中的磷脂酰乙醇胺的22：6 ω 3含量是对照值的一半，在大脑皮层中是四分之一。到22月龄时，这些组织中22：6 ω 3的含量在对照组中大约加倍，但在缺乏组中没有增加。缺陷动物组织中22：6 ω 3的低水平伴随着长链ω 6脂肪酸，特别是22：5 ω 6的补偿性增加。在功能上，缺陷动物在4-12周龄时视力低于正常，饱和闪光后暗适应视网膜电图恢复时间延长。异常低水平的22：6 ω 3可产生光感受器和神经膜的生物物理性质的改变，这可能是这些功能损伤的基础。该研究的结果表明，膳食ω 3脂肪酸对于视网膜和脑的正常产前和产后发育是必需的。
Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6.omega.3; 22:6-(4,7,10,13,16,19)] is the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina and in cerebral gray matter. It must be obtained either from the diet or by synthesis from other .omega.3 fatty acids, chiefly .alpha.-linolenic acid (18:3.omega.3). We tested the effect of dietary .omega.3 fatty acid deprivation during gestation and postnatal development upon the fatty acid composition of the retina and cerebral cortex and upon visual function. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were fed semipurified diets very low in 18:3.omega.3 throughout pregnancy, and their infants received a similar diet from birth. A control group of females and their infants received a semipurified diet supplying ample 18:3.omega.3. In near-term fetuses and newborn infants of the deficient group, the 22:6.omega.3 content of phosphatidylethanolamine was one-half of control values in the retina of one-fourth in cerebral cortex. By 22 months of age, the content of 22:6.omega.3 in theses tissues approximately doubled in control monkeys, but it failed to increase in the deficient group. Low levels of 22:6.omega.3 in the deficient animals'' tissues were accompanied by a compensatory increase in longer-chain .omega.6 fatty acids, particularly 22:5.omega.6. Functionally, the deficient animals had subnormal visual acuity at 4-12 weeks of age and prolonged recovery time of the dark-adapted electroretinogram after a saturating flash. Abnormally low levels of 22:6.omega.3 may produce alterations in the biophysical properties of photoreceptor and neural membranes that may underlie these functional impairments. The results of this study suggest that dietary .omega.3 fatty acids are essential for normal prenatal and postnatal development of the retina and brain.