Postsecondary Employment Experiences Among Young Adults With an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Postsecondary Employment Experiences Among Young Adults With an Autism Spectrum Disorder
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.019
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Narendorf, Sarah C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roux, Anne M.;Shattuck, Paul T.;Narendorf, Sarah C.
目的：我们研究了患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的年轻人的中学后就业经历，并将这些结果与其他残疾的年轻人的结果进行了比较。方法：数据来自全国纵向过渡研究-2 （NLTS2）的第五波，这是一项具有全国代表性的调查，调查对象是在高中期间接受过特殊教育服务的年轻人。我们调查了21到25岁之间曾经有过和目前有过带薪工作的流行程度。我们分析了全职就业率、工资收入、高中毕业后从事的工作数量以及工作类型。结果：大约一半（53.4%）患有自闭症的年轻成年人在高中毕业后曾在外工作过，这是残疾群体中比例最低的。患有自闭症谱系障碍的年轻人平均每小时工资为8.10美元，明显低于对照组年轻人的平均工资，而且从事的工作类型较少。那些年龄较大、来自高收入家庭、拥有更好的会话能力或功能技能的人，拥有有偿工作的几率更高。结论：研究发现，患有自闭症的年轻人就业结果更差，这表明这一人群在成功过渡到就业方面遇到了特别的困难。当这些年轻人过渡到成年期时，需要研究确定改善结果的策略。
Objective: We examined postsecondary employment experiences of young adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compared these outcomes with those of young adults with different disabilities. Method: Data were from Wave 5 of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), a nationally representative survey of young adults who had received special education services during high school. We examined the prevalence of ever having had, and currently having, a paid job at 21 to 25 years of age. We analyzed rates of full-time employment, wages earned, number of jobs held since high school, and job types. Results: Approximately one-half (53.4%) of young adults with an ASD had ever worked for pay outside the home since leaving high school, the lowest rate among disability groups. Young adults with an ASD earned an average of $8.10 per hour, significantly lower than average wages for young adults in the comparison groups, and held jobs that clustered within fewer occupational types. Odds of ever having had a paid job were higher for those who were older, from higher-income households, and with better conversational abilities or functional skills. Conclusions: Findings of worse employment outcomes for young adults with an ASD suggest that this population is experiencing particular difficulty in successfully transitioning into employment. Research is needed to determine strategies for improving outcomes as these young adults transition into adulthood.