Identification and quantification of Cr, Cu, and As incidental nanomaterials derived from CCA-treated wood in wildland-urban interface fire ashes
Identification and quantification of Cr, Cu, and As incidental nanomaterials derived from CCA-treated wood in wildland-urban interface fire ashes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130608
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发表时间：
2022-12-21
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Baalousha, Mohammed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alam, Mahbub;Alshehri, Talal;Baalousha, Mohammed
除了燃烧植被外，荒地-城市界面（WUI）的火灾还燃烧结构材料，包括铬酸铜砷酸盐（CCA）处理的木材。本研究确定，量化，和characterizes铬，铜，和作为轴承附带纳米材料（INMs）在WUI火灾灰烬收集从三个住宅结构怀疑已起源于燃烧CCA处理的木材。在酸消化后，通过电感耦合等离子体飞行时间质谱法（ICP-TOF-MS）测定总元素浓度。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM），特别是使用电子衍射和高分辨率成像来确定结晶相。采用单粒子（SP）-ICP-TOF-MS结合凝聚聚类分析法测定了多元素单粒子组成和粒度分布。铬、铜和砷是灰中的主要元素，它们分别占灰样中测得元素总质量的93%、83%和24%。通过TEM分析，铬、铜和砷相最接近地匹配CrO3、CrO2、埃司科莱石（Cr2O3）、CuCrO2、CuCr2O4、CrAs2O6、As2O5、AsO2、辉砷石（As2O3，单斜）或砷石（As2O3，立方），尽管并非总是能够真正地鉴定每个颗粒的相。这些相主要以异质聚集体的形式出现。多元素单颗粒分析表明Cr作为纯相出现（即，Cr氧化物）以及与其它元素（例如，Cu和As）; Cu主要与Cr和As结合出现; As作为As氧化物并与Cu和Cr结合出现。几个铬，铜，和作为集群被确定和这些集群内的Cr/Cu和Cr/As的摩尔比是一致的，通过TEM确定的结晶相，以及它们的异质聚集体。这些结果表明，WUI火灾可以导致显着释放的CCA成分及其燃烧转化的副产物到周围环境中。本研究还提供了一种基于SP-ICP-TOF-MS多元素分析的环境系统中CCA组分的识别和跟踪方法。
In addition to the combustion of vegetation, fires at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) burn structural mate-rials, including chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood. This study identifies, quantifies, and charac-terizes Cr-, Cu-, and As-bearing incidental nanomaterials (INMs) in WUI fire ashes collected from three residential structures suspected to have originated from the combustion of CCA-treated wood. The total elemental concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) following acid digestion. The crystalline phases were determined using transmission electron micro-scopy (TEM), specifically using electron diffraction and high-resolution imaging. The multi-element single particle composition and size distribution were determined by single particle (SP)-ICP-TOF-MS coupled with agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis. Chromium, Cu, and As are the dominant elements in the ashes and together account for 93%, 83%, and 24% of the total mass of measured elements in the ash samples. Chromium, Cu, and As phases, analyzed by TEM, most closely match CrO3, CrO2, eskolaite (Cr2O3), CuCrO2, CuCr2O4, CrAs2O6, As2O5, AsO2, claudetite (As2O3, monoclinic), or arsenolite (As2O3, cubic), although a bona fide phase identification for each particle was not always possible. These phases occur predominantly as het-eroaggregates. Multi-element single particle analyses demonstrate that Cr occurs as a pure phase (i.e., Cr oxides) as well as in association with other elements (e.g., Cu and As); Cu occurs predominantly in association with Cr and As; and As occurs as As oxides and in association with Cu and Cr. Several Cr, Cu, and As clusters were identified and the molar ratios of Cr/Cu and Cr/As within these clusters are consistent with the crystalline phases identified by TEM as well as their heteroaggregates. These results indicate that WUI fires can lead to significant release of CCA constituents and their combustion-transformed by-products into the surrounding environment. This study also provides a method to identify and track CCA constituents in environmental systems based on multi-element analysis using SP-ICP-TOF-MS.