The Impact of Microbiota on Brain and Behavior: Mechanisms & Therapeutic Potential
The Impact of Microbiota on Brain and Behavior: Mechanisms & Therapeutic Potential
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_17
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cryan, John F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borre, Yuliya E.;Moloney, Rachel D.;Cryan, John F.
越来越多的证据表明，宿主-微生物相互作用在维持体内平衡中起着关键作用。肠道微生物组成的变化与情绪、疼痛和认知相关行为的显着变化有关，这表明微生物群和大脑之间的双向交流途径在健康和疾病中至关重要。微生物组-脑-肠轴的功能障碍与压力相关的疾病如抑郁症、焦虑症和肠易激综合征以及神经发育障碍如自闭症有关。肠道的细菌定殖对于关键系统的出生后发育和成熟至关重要，这些关键系统具有影响中枢神经系统（CNS）编程和信号传导的能力，包括免疫和内分泌系统。此外，现在有越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群在早期编程和后来对急性和慢性应激的反应中发挥作用。这一观点得到了无菌小鼠和暴露于病原性细菌感染、益生菌制剂或抗生素的动物的研究的支持。尽管肠道微生物群和CNS之间的通信尚未完全被阐明，但已经提出了神经、激素、免疫和代谢途径。因此，微生物群-脑-肠轴的概念正在出现，表明微生物群调节策略可能是开发CNS疾病新疗法的易处理的治疗方法。
There is increasing evidence that host-microbe interactions play a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Alterations in gut microbial composition is associated with marked changes in behaviors relevant to mood, pain and cognition, establishing the critical importance of the bi-directional pathway of communication between the microbiota and the brain in health and disease. Dysfunction of the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been implicated in stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Bacterial colonization of the gut is central to postnatal development and maturation of key systems that have the capacity to influence central nervous system (CNS) programming and signaling, including the immune and endocrine systems. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that enteric microbiota plays a role in early programming and later response to acute and chronic stress. This view is supported by studies in germ-free mice and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotics. Although communication between gut microbiota and the CNS are not fully Delucidated, neural, hormonal, immune and metabolic pathways have been suggested. Thus, the concept of a microbiome-brain-gut axis is emerging, suggesting microbiota-modulating strategies may be a tractable therapeutic approach for developing novel treatments for CNS disorders.