Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion
Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion
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弓头鲸肠道微生物组和脂质组的协调转化为消化提供了新的见解
DOI：
10.1038/s41396-019-0549-y
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Apprill, Amy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Carolyn A.;Holm, Henry C.;Horstmann, Lara;George, John C.;Fredricks, Helen F.;Van Mooy, Benjamin A.;Apprill, Amy
鲸鱼的消化在许多海洋生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的作用。通过消化大量富含脂质的猎物，鲸鱼支持其能量密集型生活方式，但也排出对海洋生物地球化学循环重要的营养物质。然而，人们对鲸鱼的消化知之甚少。胃肠道微生物在脊椎动物消化中发挥着重要作用，但很少有研究在鲸鱼身上检验它们。为了研究鲸鱼的脂质消化以及微生物对脂质消化的潜在贡献，我们对阿拉斯加爱斯基摩人捕捞的 38 头弓头鲸 (Balaena mysticetus) 胃肠道中收集的 126 个食糜样本中的脂质成分（脂质组）和细菌群落（微生物群）进行了表征。整个胃肠道中的脂质组和微生物群密切相关。小肠中的脂质组和微生物群变化最大，而大肠中的脂质组和微生物群最相似，大肠中的微生物群最丰富。我们的结果表明蜡酯（B 中的主要脂质）被消化。 mysticetusprey 占膳食总脂质的 80% 以上，发生在小肠中段至远端，并与特定微生物相关。由于蜡酯难以被其他海洋脊椎动物消化，并且在海洋中构成了巨大的碳库，因此我们的研究结果进一步阐明了鲸鱼及其胃肠道微生物群在高纬度海洋碳和营养物的生物地球化学循环中所发挥的重要作用。
Whale digestion plays an integral role in many ocean ecosystems. By digesting enormous quantities of lipid-rich prey, whales support their energy intensive lifestyle, but also excrete nutrients important to ocean biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, whale digestion is poorly understood. Gastrointestinal microorganisms play a significant role in vertebrate digestion, but few studies have examined them in whales. To investigate digestion of lipids, and the potential contribution of microbes to lipid digestion in whales, we characterized lipid composition (lipidomes) and bacterial communities (microbiotas) in 126 digesta samples collected throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of 38 bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested by Alaskan Eskimos. Lipidomes and microbiotas were strongly correlated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Lipidomes and microbiotas were most variable in the small intestine and most similar in the large intestine, where microbiota richness was greatest. Our results suggest digestion of wax esters, the primary lipids inB. mysticetusprey representing more than 80% of total dietary lipids, occurred in the mid- to distal small intestine and was correlated with specific microorganisms. Because wax esters are difficult to digest by other marine vertebrates and constitute a large reservoir of carbon in the ocean, our results further elucidate the essential roles that whales and their gastrointestinal microbiotas play in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients in high-latitude seas.