Evolving the National Weather Service to Build a Weather-Ready Nation: Connecting Observations, Forecasts, and Warnings to Decision-Makers through Impact-Based Decision Support Services
Evolving the National Weather Service to Build a Weather-Ready Nation: Connecting Observations, Forecasts, and Warnings to Decision-Makers through Impact-Based Decision Support Services
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发展国家气象服务以建设一个做好天气准备的国家：通过基于影响的决策支持服务将观测、预报和警报与决策者联系起来
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发表时间：
2019
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. E. T. Hoeve
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Uccellini;J. E. T. Hoeve
随着极端天气、水和气候事件的成本和社会影响在美国各地持续上升，美国国家气象局（NWS）已经采取了一个“天气准备国家”的战略愿景，旨在帮助所有公民做好准备，对极端天气、水和气候事件做出反应，并具有弹性。为了实现这一愿景，并实现国家气象局拯救生命财产和促进国民经济的使命，国家气象局必须提高预报和警报的准确性和及时性，并必须通过提供基于影响的决策支持服务（IDSS），将这些预报和警报直接与关键的生命财产保护决策联系起来。虽然美国国家气象局多年来一直朝着这个方向发展，但要全面交付IDSS，就需要整个机构进行转型。本文讨论了推动国家气象局变革的因素，以建立一个天气准备就绪的国家；IDSS的基础；在联邦、州、地方、部落和领土各级政府提供IDSS的持续挑战；发展国家新闻系统以提供更有效的IDSS的途径；在天气、水和气候企业内部建立伙伴关系，并与负责公共安全的人建立伙伴关系，以实现“天气就绪国家”愿景的重要性；以及从早期努力中获得的初步支持证据和经验教训。
As the cost and societal impacts of extreme weather, water, and climate events continue to rise across the United States, the National Weather Service (NWS) has adopted a strategic vision of a Weather-Ready Nation that aims to help all citizens be ready, responsive, and resilient to extreme weather, water, and climate events. To achieve this vision and to meet the NWS mission of saving lives and property and enhancing the national economy, the NWS must improve the accuracy and timeliness of forecasts and warnings, and must directly connect these forecasts and warnings to critical life- and property-saving decisions through the provision of impact-based decision support services (IDSS). While the NWS has been moving in this direction for years, the shift to delivering IDSS holistically requires an agency-wide transformation. This article discusses the elements driving the need for change at the NWS to build a Weather-Ready Nation; the foundational basis for IDSS; ongoing challenges to provide IDSS across federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial levels of government; the path toward evolving the NWS to deliver more effective IDSS; the importance of partnerships within the weather, water, and climate enterprise and with those responsible for public safety to achieve the Weather-Ready Nation vision; and initial supporting evidence and lessons learned from early efforts.