Facility level measurement of offshore oil and gas installations from a medium-sized airborne platform: method development for quantification and source identification of methane emissions
Facility level measurement of offshore oil and gas installations from a medium-sized airborne platform: method development for quantification and source identification of methane emissions
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DOI：
10.5194/amt-14-71-2021
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发表时间：
2021-01-05
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Young, Stuart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
France, James L.;Bateson, Prudence;Young, Stuart
近海石油和天然气设施的甲烷（CH 4）排放量地面真实性差，量化在很大程度上依赖于排放系数和活动数据的使用。作为联合国气候与清洁空气联盟（UN CCAC）研究和减少短期气候污染物（SLCPs）目标的一部分，一架Twin Otter飞机被用来调查英国和荷兰海上石油和天然气设施的CH 4排放量。调查的目的是（一）查明甲烷排放量大的设施，（二）利用碳同位素指纹和其他化学代用品将设施排放量与其他排放量分开，（三）估计甲烷排放率，以及（四）改进通量估计（和取样）方法学。在本文中，我们详细介绍了2018年和2019年春季在北海南部上空进行的两次活动的仪器和飞机设置，并描述了规划和采样方法的发展，以最大限度地提高收集数据的质量和价值。我们目前的例子收集的数据，从这两个运动，以展示海上调查过程中遇到的挑战，侧重于复杂的气象学的海洋边界层和采样离散羽流从空中平台。考虑到不同边界层条件下测量的CH 4通量计算的不确定性，以及通过挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）= δ（CCH 4）-C-13的现场采样或使用现场仪器数据来确定C2 H6-CH 4比率的来源归属的建议。为未来海洋边界层内海上作业的规划和测量技术提供了一系列建议。
Emissions of methane (CH4/from offshore oil and gas installations are poorly ground-truthed, and quantification relies heavily on the use of emission factors and activity data. As part of the United Nations Climate & Clean Air Coalition (UN CCAC) objective to study and reduce short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), a Twin Otter aircraft was used to survey CH4 emissions from UK and Dutch offshore oil and gas installations. The aims of the surveys were to (i) identify installations that are significant CH4 emitters, (ii) separate installation emissions from other emissions using carbon-isotopic fingerprinting and other chemical proxies, (iii) estimate CH4 emission rates, and (iv) improve flux estimation (and sampling) methodologies for rapid quantification of major gas leaks.In this paper, we detail the instrument and aircraft setup for two campaigns flown in the springs of 2018 and 2019 over the southern North Sea and describe the developments made in both the planning and sampling methodol-ogy to maximise the quality and value of the data collected. We present example data collected from both campaigns to demonstrate the challenges encountered during offshore surveys, focussing on the complex meteorology of the marine boundary layer and sampling discrete plumes from an airborne platform. The uncertainties of CH4 flux calculations from measurements under varying boundary layer conditions are considered, as well as recommendations for attribution of sources through either spot sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) = delta(CCH4)-C-13 or using in situ instrumental data to determine C2H6-CH4 ratios. A series of recommendations for both planning and measurement techniques for future offshore work within marine boundary layers is provided.