Suicidal germination for parasitic weed control.
Suicidal germination for parasitic weed control.
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DOI：
10.1002/ps.4222
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
B. Zwanenburg;A. Mwakaboko;C. Kannan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Zwanenburg;A. Mwakaboko;C. Kannan
石竹属和石竹属的寄生杂草。对农业造成严重的产量损失，特别是在发展中国家和地中海地区。这些杂草的种子通过寄主植物根部散发出的化学信号发芽。由此产生的胚根附着在寄主植物的根上，然后寄主植物的根可以为寄生虫提供营养。迫切需要控制这些杂草，以确保更好的农业生产。自然产生的化学信号是三七内酯(SLS)，如Strigol和orobancol。控制这些杂草的一种选择是使用SLS作为自杀性发芽剂，在没有寄主的情况下发芽。由于缺乏营养，萌发的种子会死亡。天然SLS的结构太复杂，不能进行多字符合成。因此，SL类似物就是为此目的而开发的。例如GR24和Nijmegen-1。本文研究了SL类似物Nijmegen-1和Nijmegen-1 Me作为自杀性发芽剂在田间的应用。这两个SL类似物都是使用欧盟批准的适当乳化剂(聚氧乙烯山梨醇六油酸酯)配制而成，并应用于烟草(Nictiana tabacum L.)根据严格的协议，被Orobanche ramosa L.(大麻高粱)侵染的田地。在12项试验中，有4项试验显示≥的扫帚减少了95%，2项试验为阴性，2项试验结果为中等，1项试验不清楚，3例试验当年没有Orobanche问题。试验小区面积约2000平方米，其中一半用刺激剂乳剂处理，另一半不处理。刺激剂的最佳用量为6.25gha-1。治疗前的预适应是试验成功的先决条件。综上所述，使用配方SL类似物减少烟草田丛枝丛枝病的自杀性发芽方法是成功的。文中还讨论了另外两种除草方法：作用前先灭活刺激物，然后用尖孢镰刀菌进行生物防治。©2016中国化学工业学会。
Parasitic weeds of the genera Striga and Orobanche spp. cause severe yield losses in agriculture, especially in developing countries and the Mediterranean. Seeds of these weeds germinate by a chemical signal exuded by the roots of host plants. The radicle thus produced attaches to the root of the host plant, which can then supply nutrients to the parasite. There is an urgent need to control these weeds to ensure better agricultural production. The naturally occurring chemical signals are strigolactones (SLs), e.g. strigol and orobanchol. One option to control these weeds involves the use of SLs as suicidal germination agents, where germination takes place in the absence of a host. Owing to the lack of nutrients, the germinated seeds will die. The structure of natural SLs is too complex to allow multigram synthesis. Therefore, SL analogues are developed for this purpose. Examples are GR24 and Nijmegen-1. In this paper, the SL analogues Nijmegen-1 and Nijmegen-1 Me were applied in the field as suicidal germination agents. Both SL analogues were formulated using an appropriate EC-approved emulsifier (polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate) and applied to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields infested by Orobanche ramosa L. (hemp broomrape), following a strict protocol. Four out of 12 trials showed a reduction in broomrape of ≥95%, two trials were negative, two showed a moderate result, one was unclear and in three cases there was no Orobanche problem in the year of the trials. The trial plots were ca 2000 m2 ; half of that area was treated with stimulant emulsion, the other half was not treated. The optimal amount of stimulant was 6.25 g ha-1 . A preconditioning prior to the treatment was a prerequisite for a successful trial. In conclusion, the suicidal germination approach to reducing O. ramosa in tobacco fields using formulated SL analogues was successful. Two other options for weed control are discussed: deactivation of stimulants prior to action and biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.