Distinct relationships between risky decision making and cocaine self-administration under short- and long-access conditions.
Distinct relationships between risky decision making and cocaine self-administration under short- and long-access conditions.
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在短期和长期获取条件下，风险决策与可卡因自我给药之间存在明显的关系。
DOI：
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109791
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Setlow,Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Orsini,CaitlinA;Blaes,ShelbyL;Dragone,RichardJ;Betzhold,SaraM;Finner,AlyssaM;Bizon,JenniferL;Setlow,Barry
物质使用与决策能力受损密切相关，可卡因的使用尤其与风险和冲动选择的增加有关。然而，尚不清楚这种适应不良的决策是否是可卡因使用的后果，还是在个人使用可卡因之前并使其倾向于使用可卡因。目前的研究旨在专门解决后一种可能性，在男性和女性大鼠的风险选择。老鼠首先接受了一项“风险决策任务”（RDT）的训练，在这项任务中，他们在一个小的、“安全”的食物奖励和一个大的、“风险”的食物奖励之间做出离散的选择，伴随着轻微的电击惩罚的可能性增加。在达到稳定的性能后，大鼠接受颈静脉导管手术，然后进行短距离可卡因自我给药（2小时，0.5 mg/kg/输注）5天或长距离可卡因自我给药（6小时，0.5 mg/kg/输注）14天。在短期接触条件下，风险偏好和可卡因摄入量随时间的变化之间没有关系，但女性更大的风险规避预示着更大的总体可卡因摄入量。在长期接触的条件下，高风险的预测更大的升级可卡因的摄入量在自我管理的过程中，支持预先存在的冒险行为预测可卡因的摄入量的概念。总的来说，这些实验的结果对理解和识别预先存在的物质使用脆弱性具有影响，这可能会导致预防物质使用障碍发展的战略。
Substance use is strongly associated with impaired decision making, with cocaine use particularly linked to elevated risky and impulsive choice. It is not clear, however, whether such maladaptive decision making is a consequence of cocaine use or instead precedes and predisposes individuals to cocaine use. The current study was designed to specifically address the latter possibility with respect to risky choice in both male and female rats. Rats were first trained in a “Risky Decision-making Task” (RDT), in which they made discrete choices between a small, “safe” food reward and a large, “risky” food reward accompanied by increasing probabilities of mild footshock punishment. After reaching stable performance, rats underwent jugular catheter surgery followed by either short-access cocaine self-administration sessions (2 h, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) for 5 days or long-access cocaine self-administration sessions (6 h, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) for 14 days. Under short-access conditions, there was no relationship between risk preference and changes in cocaine intake over time, but greater risk aversion in females predicted greater overall cocaine intake. Under long-access conditions, heightened risk taking predicted greater escalation of cocaine intake over the course of self-administration, supporting the notion that pre-existing risk-taking behavior predicts cocaine intake. Collectively, results from these experiments have implications for understanding and identifying pre-existing vulnerabilities to substance use, which may lead to strategies to prevent development of substance use disorders.