Diverse grouping and mating strategies in the Critically Endangered Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) Primates
Diverse grouping and mating strategies in the Critically Endangered Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) Primates
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极度濒危海南长臂猿（Nomascus hainanus）灵长类动物的多样化分组和交配策略
作者：
Jiang ZHOU
了解世界上最后一批人口的社会结构和交配策略的灵活性野生海南长臂猿35只（Nomascus hainanus）对于制定有效的管理计划以帮助其种群恢复至关重要。现存的五个海南长臂猿群体中的三个（A、B和C）目前生活在一个以两个或三个成年雄性、两个繁殖的成年雌性和后代为特征的非社会单位中。一组（E）包含一对成年雄性-成年雌性，一组（D）包含一只成年雄性、两只成年雌性和后代。在这项研究中，我们描述了多个居民男性和两个居民女性在C组中的一个之间的交配观察。C组最好被描述为一个小的多男性多女性组。结果表明，该繁殖雌虫（F2）在同一天向两个成年雄虫（M1和M2）求偶，并在不同的日子分别与这两个雄虫交配。未观察到常驻雄性干扰交配对。虽然有偏见的成年性别比，严重的人口破坏和栖息地退化等因素可以帮助解释在海南长臂猿的群体组成和交配策略的变化，我们认为，有相当大的交配系统的变异性在许多长臂猿物种，这种变异性提供了重要的见解男性和女性海南长臂猿群体结构和生殖策略。
Understanding flexibility in the social structure and mating strategies of the world’s last remaining population (35 individuals) of wild Hainan gibbons ( Nomascus hainanus )is critical for developing effective management plans to aid in their population recovery.Three of the five remaining Hainan gibbon groups (A, B, and C) currently live in asocial unit characterized by two or three adult males, two reproducing adult females,and offspring. One group (E) contains a single adult male-adult female pair, and onegroup (D) contains one adult male, two adult females, and offspring. In this study, we describe observations of copulations between multiple resident males and one of the two resident females in Group C. Group C is best described as a small multi-male multifemale group. We found that this breeding female (F2) solicited copulations from two resident adult males (M1 and M2) on the same day, and also mated with each ofthese two males on different days. Resident males were not observed to interrupt the mating pair. Although factors such as a biased adult sex ratio, severe population disruption, and habitat degradation can help explain variation in group composition and mating strategies in Hainan gibbons, we argue that there exists considerable mating system variability across many gibbon species, and that this varability offers important insights into male and female Hainan gibbon group structure and reproductive strategies.