What can international comparisons teach us about school choice and non-governmental schools in Europe?
What can international comparisons teach us about school choice and non-governmental schools in Europe?
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关于欧洲的择校和非公立学校，国际比较可以告诉我们什么？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Avram
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Dronkers;S. Avram
所有欧洲国家都有在各地建立和维持公立学校的主要义务，但由于政治斗争和宪法保障，它们也允许并经常资助基于特殊教育、宗教或哲学思想的非公立学校。根据国家对非公立学校的资助水平，各州或多或少有权监督这些非公立学校，并寻求保证组织和教师的质量不低于公立学校。利用欧盟所有成员国的可比跨国数据，我们首先描述了现有的四种非政府和政府学校的基本安排：公立和非公立学校的综合教育制度、教派支持性教育制度、有限支持的非政府学校和公立和非公立学校分开的教育制度。然后，我们利用欧盟所有成员国的相同的跨国数据，探讨了其他三个主题：父母背景和私立学校的选择，私立学校及其认知结果，以及私立学校及其非认知结果。非政府独立学校(没有国家补助金)和非政府独立学校(有国家补助金)之间有重要的区别；非政府独立学校的学校选择更多地与社会流动的父母有关，而非政府独立学校的学校选择更多地与社会阶层的再生产有关；在大多数欧洲国家，非政府独立学校在认知方面比政府学校更有效，但非政府独立学校仅在少数国家在认知上更有效，在更多国家更无效。此外，非政府依赖的学校在非认知方面也不比公立学校更有效。
All European states have a primary obligation to establish and maintain governmental schools everywhere, but as the result of political struggle and constitutional guarantees, they have also allowed and often financed non-state schools based on special pedagogical, religious or philosophical ideas. Depending on the level of state grants for non-state schools, states have more or less the right to supervise these non-governmental schools and seek to guarantee that the quality of organisation and teachers are not lower than those in governmental schools. Using comparable cross-national data for all member states of the European Union, we first describe four existing basic arrangements of non-governmental and governmental schools: integrated educational systems of public and non-state schools, denomination supportive educational systems, limited-support non-governmental schools and educational systems with segregated public and non-state schools. Using the same cross-national data for all member states of the European Union, we then explore three other topics: parental background and the choice of non-governmental schools, non-governmental schools and their cognitive outcomes, and non-governmental schools and their non-cognitive outcomes. There are important differences between non-governmental-independent (without state grants) and non-governmental-dependent schools (with state grants); that school choice of non-governmental-dependent schools is more related to socially mobile parents, whereas schools choice of non-governmental-independent schools is more related the reproduction of social classes; that in a majority of European countries, non-governmental-dependent schools are more effective cognitively than governmental schools, but that non-governmental-independent schools are more effective cognitively only in a few countries and more ineffective in a larger number of countries. Also non-governmental-dependent schools are not more effective non-cognitively than governmental schools.