Winged males facultatively determine intra- or inter-nest mating in the male-dimorphic ant Cardiocondyla minutior
Winged males facultatively determine intra- or inter-nest mating in the male-dimorphic ant Cardiocondyla minutior
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有翅雄性兼性决定雄性二态性蚂蚁 Cardiocondyla minutior 的巢内或巢间交配
DOI：
10.1007/s00040-011-0175-9
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Koji Tsuchida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Juri Yoshizawa;Katsusuke Yamauchi;Koji Tsuchida
只有带翅膀的雄性和雌性蚂蚁通常在繁殖季节通过婚飞进行交配。在心髁蚂蚁中，雄性表现出翅膀二态性，并且根据翅膀形态的差异，它们的繁殖策略也有所不同。有人认为，无翅的“ergatoid”雄性具有与工蚁非常相似的外部形态，在出生的巢穴中交配，而具有典型蚁雄性形态的有翼雄性则从巢穴中分散出来进行交配。然而，一些行为观察表明，一些心脏髁类动物的有翅雄性，例如C.晦涩难懂的和C.微小的可能在分散之前在出生的巢中交配。我们评估了影响 C 有翅雄性交配行为的因素。实验室条件下的微小。我们发现，(1) 当巢中存在未婚有翅雌性或相对成熟的有翅雌性蛹（即至少 10 天）时，有翅雄性会留在出生巢中并与未婚雌性交配；(2) 当只有蜂后和相对年轻的有翅雌性蛹交配时，有翅雄性会分散到与未婚有翅雌性相邻的巢中（即<9天）出现在巢中，并且（3）所有有翅雄性都被非产巢的工蜂接受，无论与田间产巢的距离如何。尽管大多数雄蜂被邻近非产巢的工蜂所接受，但它们都受到远处非产巢工蜂的攻击和杀死。这些结果表明，C. 有翅雄性的巢内交配和分散。细节由产巢中有翅雌性的状况（处女和相对蛹龄）临时决定。此外，我们的研究结果表明，有翅雄性可能会通过化学方式寻找交配伙伴，并与处女有翅雌性交配。
Only winged male and female ants generally mate through nuptial flight during the reproductive season. In the ants ofCardiocondyla, the males show wing dimorphism and their reproductive strategies differ depending on the differences in wing morphology. It has been suggested that wingless “ergatoid” males bearing very similar external morphologies to workers mate within natal nests, whereas winged males bearing typical ant male morphology disperse from their nests to mate. However, some behavioral observations suggest that the winged males of someCardiocondylaants such asC. obscuriorandC. minutiormay mate within natal nests before dispersion. We evaluated the factors affecting the mating behaviors of the winged males ofC. minutiorunder laboratory conditions. We found that (1) the winged males remained and mated with virgin females in natal nests when either virgin winged females or the relatively mature pupae of winged females (i.e., at least 10 days) were present in the nest, (2) the winged males dispersed to adjacent nests with virgin winged females when only mated queens and the relatively young pupae of winged females (i.e., <9 days) were present in the nest, and (3) all winged males were accepted by the workers of non-natal nests irrespective of the distance from the natal nests in the field. Although most ergatoid males were accepted by the workers of close non-natal nests, they were all attacked and killed by the workers of distant non-natal nests. These results suggest that intra-nest mating and the dispersion of the winged males ofC. minutiorare facultatively determined by the condition of winged females (virginity and relative pupal age) in natal nests. Furthermore, our results suggest that winged males are likely to seek mating partners chemically and to mate with virgin winged females.