A Survey of Swarm Intelligence Techniques in VLSI Routing Problems
A Survey of Swarm Intelligence Techniques in VLSI Routing Problems
复制标题
VLSI 路由问题中的群体智能技术综述
DOI：
10.1109/access.2020.2971574
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Chen, Guolong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Xiaohua;Liu, Genggeng;Chen, Guolong
在超大规模集成电路(VLSI)的物理设计中，布线是一个复杂而关键的阶段，通过最小化互连长度和延迟来优化芯片的整体性能。随着现代技术的快速发展，VLSI布线面临着大延迟、高拥塞、高功耗等巨大挑战。群体智能作为一种新兴的优化方法，通过与环境的合作或交互来激发群体智能行为，为解决NP-Hard问题提供了有效性和健壮性。因此，许多研究人员使用SI技术来解决VLSI中与布线相关的问题。本文综述了几种SI技术在VLSI布线领域的应用。首先描述了五种常用的SI技术和相关模型，以及三个经典的布线问题：Steiner树构建、全局布线和详细布线。然后根据上述分类对该领域的现状进行了概述，并从五个方面进行了有益的讨论：1)Steiner最小树构造；2)有线长度驱动路由；3)避障路由；4)定时驱动路由；5)功率驱动路由。最后，在三种新的工艺模型：X体系结构、多个动态电源电压和通孔支柱下，指出了未来的发展趋势：1)针对先进工艺模型的具体布线问题提出适合的SI技术；2)探索尚未应用于VLSI布线的新的可用的SI技术。
Routing is a complex and critical stage in the physical design of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), minimizing interconnect length and delay to optimize overall chip performance. With the rapid development of modern technology, VLSI routing faces enormous challenges such as large delay, high congestion, and high-power consumption. As a rising optimization method, Swarm Intelligence (SI) inspired from collective intelligence behaviors through cooperation or interaction with the environment provides effectiveness and robustness for solving NP-hard problems. Many researchers have consequently used SI techniques to solve routing-related problems in VLSI. This paper reviews the application of several SI techniques to the VLSI routing filed. Firstly, five commonly used SI techniques and related models, and three classic routing problems are described: Steiner tree construction, global routing and detailed routing. Then an overview of the current state of this field is given according to the above categories, and the survey offers informative discussions from five aspects: 1) Steiner minimum tree construction; 2) wirelength-driven routing; 3) obstacle-avoiding routing; 4) timing-driven routing; 5) power-driven routing. Finally, under three new technology models: X-architecture, multiple dynamic supply voltage and via-pillar, the future development trends are pointed as follows: 1) suggesting suitable SI techniques to specific routing problems for advanced technology models; 2) exploring new and available SI techniques that have not yet been applied to VLSI routing.