Remote Sensing of Ocean Oil-Spill Pollution
Remote Sensing of Ocean Oil-Spill Pollution
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DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2012.2196250
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
Solberg, Anne H. Schistad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Solberg, Anne H. Schistad
海面漏油现象比较频繁。事故或船舶故意排放油类造成的污染对海洋环境构成严重威胁。目前，作业溢油监测是通过卫星监测和飞机监视相结合来完成的。结合使用卫星合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像和飞机监视飞行是监测大片海域漏油并捕获污染者的一种经济有效的方法。 SAR 图像可以覆盖大片区域，但需要飞机观测来起诉污染者，并在某些情况下验证漏油情况。传统上，溢油检测基于单偏振 SAR 图像。可以根据描述浮油的对比度、形状、均匀性、来源和周围环境的一组特征来区分漏油和相似漏油。据报道，单偏振溢油检测具有良好的性能，但在某些情况下，无法将浮油与生物膜区分开。近年来，多项研究表明，偏振SAR可以提高浮油和生物膜的区分度。已经提出了从双极化或四极化图像计算的几个特征。这些包括四偏振特征，如偏振熵和各向异性、平均散射角、偏振跨度、一致性系数，以及共偏振相位差和共偏振相关系数的双偏振特征标准偏差。由于 Cosmo Skymed 和 TerraSAR-X 现在可以定期提供双极化 SAR 图像，并且 RADARSAT-2 可以提供四极化数据，因此现在可以更定期地利用极化 SAR。在某些无云条件下，来自 Aqua MODIS 和 ENVISAT MERIS 等传感器的光学数据可以作为有用的补充。
Oil spills on the sea surface are observed relatively often. Pollution due to either accidents or deliberate oily discharges from ships represents a serious threat to the marine environment. Operational oil spill monitoring is currently done using a combination of satellite monitoring and aircraft surveillance. The combined use of satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and aircraft surveillance flights is a cost-effective way to monitor oil spills in large ocean areas and catch the polluters. SAR images enable covering large areas, but aircraft observations are needed to prosecute the polluter, and in certain cases to verity the oil spill. Traditionally, oil spill detection is based on single polarization SAR images. Oil spills can be discriminated from look-alikes based on a set of features describing the contrast, shape, homogeneity, source, and surroundings of the slick. Good performance is reported for single-polarization oil spill detection, but in certain cases the oil slicks cannot be discriminated from biogenic films. In the recent years, a number of studies have shown that polarimetric SAR can improve the discrimination between oil slicks and biogenic films. Several features computed from dual-pol or quad-pol images have been proposed. These include both quad-pol features like polarimetric entropy and anisotropy, mean scattering angle, polarimetric span, conformity coefficient, as well as the dual-pol features standard deviation of the copolarized phase difference and the copolarized correlation coefficient. As dual-pol SAR imagery is now available on a regular basis from Cosmo Skymed and TerraSAR-X, and quad-pol data are available from RADARSAT-2, polarimetric SAR can now be utilized on a more regular basis. Optical data from sensors like Aqua MODIS and ENVISAT MERIS can be a useful supplement under certain cloud-free conditions.