Delays of retention, processing efficiency, and attentional resources in working memory span development
Delays of retention, processing efficiency, and attentional resources in working memory span development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2004.06.009
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Barrouillet, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gavens, N;Barrouillet, P
工作记忆跨度任务要求参与者在执行一些并发处理（例如阅读、计数或解决问题）时将项目保留在短期记忆中。目前的一系列实验对比了儿童工作记忆跨度发展的两种模型。正如 Towse 和 Hitch (1995) 所指出的，这种发展主要是由于年龄较大的儿童更快地完成处理部分，还是由于与资源相关的现象，例如处理效率的提高和更多的可用认知资源？使用新的计算机控制的工作记忆跨度任务可以仔细控制处理持续时间，我们证明在确定儿童工作记忆跨度时，处理组件的认知负荷比其总持续时间更重要。此外，我们提供的证据表明，即使干预任务的持续时间和难度在不同年龄阶段都相同，工作记忆跨度仍然表现出发育性增长，这可能是由年龄较大的儿童拥有更多认知资源所支撑的。 (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Working memory span tasks require participants to maintain items in short-term memory while performing some concurrent processing (e.g., reading, counting, or problem solving). The present series of experiments contrasted two models of the development of working memory spans in children. Is this development mainly due to faster completion of the processing component in older children, as Towse and Hitch (1995) suggested, or is it due to resource-related phenomena such as increased processing efficiency and a greater amount of available cognitive resources? Using new computer-paced working memory span tasks that allow a careful control of processing duration, we demonstrate that the cognitive load of the processing component is more important than its total duration in determining working memory spans in children. Moreover, we provide evidence that even when both the duration and the difficulty of the intervening task are equated across age, working memory spans still exhibit a developmental increase that could be underpinned by a greater amount of cognitive resources in older children. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.