Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries - Analysis and Case Studies from South Asia
Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries - Analysis and Case Studies from South Asia
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发展中国家农村电气化微型电网——南亚分析与案例研究
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-04816-1_10
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bhattacharyya S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhattacharyya S
本章介绍了孟加拉国一个村庄离网系统的地方一级的研究。该研究利用最近的人口普查资料和住户调查资料，介绍了孟加拉国农村电气化的现状，并指出了农村能源使用的特点。然后，它采用了一种综合方法，使用六种替代方案来确定离网村庄的需求，这些方案按家庭类型、商业需求和生产性需求来确定住宅需求。最佳离网系统架构的技术经济分析，然后使用HOMER软件。考虑了三种能源，即太阳能、风能和柴油。建议的最佳配置方案包括柴油发电机的基本需求水平和光伏柴油混合动力的更高的需求和可靠的供应情况。基本供电水平的每千瓦时电力成本仍然很高，并随着系统规模的增加而下降。然而，对于更大的系统，资本和资产重置成本大大增加。然后分析每个场景的商业案例，发现即使是全额资本成本补贴也不可能达到电网价格平价，这表明大量的运营成本补贴要求使得较大的系统在财务上不可行。此外，用于基本供电的小型微型电网系统是一种比为消费者提供家用太阳能系统更便宜的选择。然而，当需求限制被取消时，大多数消费者将无法负担每月的电费。因此，本章建议以小型电网为基础的电力供应为出发点，在非高峰时段提供基本的生产性能源使用。如果业务发展和需求改善，随后可以使用适当的技术组合扩展该系统。
This chapter presents a local-level study of a village off-grid system in Bangladesh. Using the recent census information and household survey information, the study presents the current status of rural electrification in Bangladesh and indicates the characteristics of rural energy use. It then applies an integrated methodology that identifies the demand in the off-grid village context using six alternative scenarios that capture the residential demand by household type, commercial demand and productive demand. The techno-economic analysis of the optimal off-grid system architecture is then presented using HOMER software. Three energy resources are considered, namely solar energy, wind and diesel fuel. The optimal configuration suggested for the scenarios consists of diesel generators for the basic level of demand and PV-diesel hybrid for higher demand and reliable supply scenarios. The cost of electricity per kWh remains high for the basic level of supply and decreases as the system size increases. However, the capital and asset replacement costs increase considerably for bigger systems. The business case is then analysed for each scenario and it is found that grid price parity is impossible to reach with even full capital cost subsidy, indicating a significant amount of operating cost subsidy requirement that makes the larger systems financially unviable. Moreover, the small mini-grid system for the basic level of supply emerges as a cheaper option than providing the consumers with solar home systems. However, the monthly electricity bill will become unaffordable for most consumers when demand restrictions are removed. Accordingly, the chapter suggests a mini-grid-based electricity supply to provide the basic level of provision alongside productive energy use during off-peak hours as the starting point. If the business develops and demand improves, the system can be expanded subsequently using appropriate technology combinations.