When Systems are Overthrown
When Systems are Overthrown
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当制度被推翻时
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Winskel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Winskel
1980年代末和1990年代初英国电力供应业的私有化与发电技术的变革有关。在一场突如其来的、意想不到的“燃气冲刺”中，所有新建的大型电站都采用了以前未使用过的联合循环燃气轮机。燃气轮机技术在私有化之前在政治上和体制上被排除在行业之外，之所以获得优势，是因为电喷自由化与更低的燃料价格和更大的可获得性、改善的涡轮机性能、减少污染的立法以及国有化下积累的体制紧张的表现相吻合和相互作用。早些时候的一篇论文发现，成熟的发电技术，特别是英国核电计划的消亡，暴露了技术变革的自主主义和决定论观念的不足。本文考虑了一个更微妙的框架--休斯的社会技术系统模型--对于分析燃气轮机在英国ESI中的兴起的价值。从系统的角度来看，人们能够理解天然气的涌入，而不是作为技术和经济需求或结构和监管改革的结果，而是以前被排除在外的国际力量与潜在的当地利益相互作用的偶然和基本上计划外的结果，通过政策制定权宜之计进行调解。自由化迅速导致以支离破碎的“后现代”变革取代中央集权的制度建设。
The privatization of the British electricity supply industry (ESI) in the late 1980s and early 1990s was associated with a transformation in electricity generation technology. In a sudden and unexpected `dash for gas', previously unused combined cycle gas turbine plant was adopted for all new large power stations. Gas turbine technology, politically and institutionally excluded from the industry before privatization, gained ascendancy due to the coincidence and interaction of ESI liberalization with lower fuel prices and greater availability, improved turbine performance, pollution abatement legislation, and the manifestation of institutional tensions accumulated under nationalization. An earlier paper found that the demise of established generation technology, particularly the British nuclear power programme, exposed the inadequacies of autonomistic and deterministic notions of technological change. The present paper considers the value of a more subtle framework - Hughes' sociotechnical systems model - for analysing the rise of gas turbines in the British ESI. The systems perspective enables the dash for gas to be understood, rather than as a result of technical and economic imperatives, or structural and regulatory reform, as a contingent and largely unplanned outcome of the interplay of previously excluded international forces with latent local interests, mediated by policymaking expediency. Liberalization swiftly led to the replacement of centralized system building with fragmented `postmodern' change.