A heat pump at a molecular scale controlled by a mechanical force
A heat pump at a molecular scale controlled by a mechanical force
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DOI：
10.1209/epl/i2006-10080-2
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发表时间：
2006-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Nakagawa;T. Komatsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Nakagawa;T. Komatsu
我们表明，一个介观系统，如费曼棘轮可能运作作为一个热泵，并澄清潜在的物理图像。我们考虑一个粒子沿不对称周期结构运动的系统。当与两个温度相等的不同热槽接触时，当粒子被拖拽时，系统在两个热槽之间传递热量。研究了热流和质点流的Onsager关系，并证明了互易系数是特征热和质点扩散常数的乘积。特征热是与克服障碍过程相关的浴槽之间的热传递。由于热流与颗粒流之间的相关性，当颗粒被拖拽时，系统可以作为热泵工作。这种泵在分子尺度上特别有效，其中能量势垒是热能的数量级。
We show that a mesoscopic system such as Feynman's ratchet may operate as a heat pump, and clarify underlying physical picture. We consider a system of a particle moving along an asymmetric periodic structure. When put into contact with two distinct heat baths of equal temperature, the system transfers heat between two baths as the particle is dragged. We examine Onsager relation for the heat flow and the particle flow, and show that the reciprocity coefficient is a product of the characteristic heat and the diffusion constant of the particle. The characteristic heat is the heat transfer between the baths associated with a barrier-overcoming process. Because of the correlation between the heat flow and the particle flow, the system can work as a heat pump when the particle is dragged. This pump is particularly effective at molecular scales where the energy barrier is of the order of the thermal energy.