The spectral composition of evening light and individual differences in the suppression of melatonin and delay of sleep in humans
The spectral composition of evening light and individual differences in the suppression of melatonin and delay of sleep in humans
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00970.x
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Dijk, Derk-Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Santhi, Nayantara;Thorne, Helen C.;Dijk, Derk-Jan
光对昼夜节律和睡眠的影响是由视杆细胞、视锥细胞和表达黑视素的内在光敏视网膜神经节细胞的多组分光感受系统介导的。该系统的强度和光谱灵敏度特性有待充分确定。晚上在家里暴露的光的强度和光谱组成是否会延迟昼夜节律和睡眠还有待确定。我们在68周的时间内监测了家中的光照情况，并在实验室评估了光照对睡眠和昼夜节律的影响。22名女性和男性（23.1 +/- 4.7岁）参与了一项六向交叉设计，使用与家庭光照相关的多色光条件，但对明视和黑视素系统的功效降低、中等或增强。在不同光照条件下，褪黑激素的夜间升高、嗜睡和EEG评估的睡眠开始差异显著（P < 0.01），这些效应似乎主要由黑视蛋白介导，而不是由明视系统介导。此外，光对褪黑激素的破坏性影响的敏感性存在个体差异，这对实验操作是鲁棒的（类内相关性= 0.44）。数据显示，晚上家里的光线会影响昼夜生理，这意味着可以修改人造光的光谱组成，以尽量减少对睡眠和昼夜节律的破坏性影响。这些发现对我们理解人造光暴露对睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱（如睡眠相位延迟紊乱）的影响具有意义。
The effect of light on circadian rhythms and sleep is mediated by a multi-component photoreceptive system of rods, cones and melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The intensity and spectral sensitivity characteristics of this system are to be fully determined. Whether the intensity and spectral composition of light exposure at home in the evening is such that it delays circadian rhythms and sleep also remains to be established. We monitored light exposure at home during 68 wk and assessed light effects on sleep and circadian rhythms in the laboratory. Twenty-two women and men (23.1 +/- 4.7 yr) participated in a six-way, cross-over design using polychromatic light conditions relevant to the light exposure at home, but with reduced, intermediate or enhanced efficacy with respect to the photopic and melanopsin systems. The evening rise of melatonin, sleepiness and EEG-assessed sleep onset varied significantly (P < 0.01) across the light conditions, and these effects appeared to be largely mediated by the melanopsin, rather than the photopic system. Moreover, there were individual differences in the sensitivity to the disruptive effect of light on melatonin, which were robust against experimental manipulations (intra-class correlation = 0.44). The data show that light at home in the evening affects circadian physiology and imply that the spectral composition of artificial light can be modified to minimize this disruptive effect on sleep and circadian rhythms. These findings have implications for our understanding of the contribution of artificial light exposure to sleep and circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder.