The roles of extinction and colonization in generating species–energy relationships
The roles of extinction and colonization in generating species–energy relationships
复制标题
灭绝和殖民化在产生物种-能量关系中的作用
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00948.x
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
K. Gaston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Evans;J. Greenwood;K. Gaston
摘要
1
能量与物种丰富度之间的正相关关系经常被观察到，但这种物种-能量关系的因果机制很少被最终确定。
2.
更多个体假说(MIH)描述了物种-能量关系积极的一个可能原因。研究表明，高能地区更大的资源可获得性增加了种群规模，降低了当地的灭绝率，促进了物种丰富。它预测，在高能地区，物种灭绝率将较低，而且，由于种群规模的给定变化对初始种群较小时的灭绝风险有更大的影响，这种关系在数量稀少的物种中将比在数量较多的物种中更加明显。
3.
殖民率也可能影响当地物种的丰富度，它们可能会对高能地区更大的资源丰富做出积极反应。
4.
我们首次对灭绝/殖民率和能源可获得性之间的关系以及种群规模对这些关系的影响进行了实证检验。我们使用了英国鸟类分布变化的数据，在这些数据中，以前已经记录了物种与能量之间的正向关系。
5.
我们发现，在高能地区，物种的灭绝率较低，但在更丰富的物种中，这种模式更强。定殖率的空间差异受能量可获得性的影响较小，但这种模式在数量丰富的物种中也更明显。虽然这些结果对MIH或它的一些替代品提供的总体支持很少，但它们增加了越来越多的证据，表明普通物种推动了物种丰富度的大部分空间差异。
Summary
1
Positive correlations between energy and species richness are frequently observed, but the causal mechanisms of such species–energy relationships have rarely been identified conclusively.
2
The more individuals hypothesis (MIH) describes one possible cause of positive species–energy relationships. It suggests that greater resource availability in high-energy areas increases population sizes, reducing local extinction rates and promoting species richness. It predicts that extinction rates will be lower in high-energy areas and that, because a given change in population size has a greater influence on extinction risk when initial populations are small, such relationships will be more pronounced in numerically rare species than more abundant ones.
3
Colonization rates may also influence local species richness, and they may respond positively to the greater resource abundance in high-energy areas.
4
We provide the first empirical test of relationships between extinction/colonization rates and energy availability and of the influence of population size on these relationships. We use data on the changing distributions of British birds, in which positive species–energy relationships have previously been documented.
5
We find that extinction rates are lower in high-energy areas, but that such patterns are stronger in more abundant species. Spatial variation in colonization rates is influenced less markedly by energy availability, but such patterns are also more marked in numerically abundant species. While these results provide little overall support for the MIH, nor some of its alternatives, they add to increasing evidence that common species drive much of the spatial variation in species richness.