Emotional responses to unpleasant music correlates with damage to the parahippocampal cortex
Emotional responses to unpleasant music correlates with damage to the parahippocampal cortex
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/awl240
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Peretz, Isabelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gosselin, Nathalie;Samson, Severine;Peretz, Isabelle
音乐通常是一种令人愉悦的体验。但在某些情况下，音乐也可能令人不愉快，例如，当小孩子随意敲击钢琴琴键时。这种不愉快的音乐体验已被证明会激活与情绪有关的大脑结构网络，这些结构主要位于内侧颞叶：海马旁回、杏仁核、海马体和颞极。然而，这些区域的不同作用仍然很大程度上未知。在这项研究中，向 17 名进行了不同程度的内侧颞叶切除的患者以及 19 名匹配的对照者播放了愉快和不愉快的音乐。悦耳的音乐与古典乐器曲目中的快乐和悲伤的选择相对应；令人不愉快的音乐是相同曲目的不和谐安排。只有左右海马旁皮质（PHC）被大量切除的患者才会对不和谐的音乐做出高度异常的判断；他们认为不和谐的音乐稍微令人愉快，而对照组则认为不愉快。这种对不和谐的漠不关心与 PHC 中的剩余体积相关，但与周围结构的体积无关。这种损害是特定的：相同的患者判断辅音音乐是愉快的，并且能够判断音乐是快乐的还是悲伤的。此外，对不愉快的反应缺乏并不是由于知觉障碍，因为所有患者都能察觉到音乐摘录中的故意错误。此外，这种损伤与单独由杏仁核损伤引起的损伤不同。这些发现与对厌恶刺激的防御反应的二维模型一致，其中 PHC 和杏仁核发挥不同的作用。
Music is typically a pleasurable experience. But under certain circumstances, music can also be unpleasant, for example, when a young child randomly hits piano keys. Such unpleasant musical experiences have been shown to activate a network of brain structures involved in emotion, mostly located in the medial temporal lobe: the parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus and temporal pole. However, the differential roles of these regions remain largely unknown. In this study, pleasant and unpleasant music was presented to 17 patients with variable excisions of the medial temporal lobe, as well as to 19 matched controls. The pleasant music corresponded to happy and sad selections taken from the classical instrumental repertoire; the unpleasant music was the dissonant arrangement of the same selections. Only patients with substantial resections of the left or right parahippocampal cortex (PHC) gave highly abnormal judgements to dissonant music; they rated dissonant music as slightly pleasant while controls found it unpleasant. This indifference to dissonance was correlated with the remaining volume in the PHC, but was unrelated to the volume of the surrounding structures. The impairment was specific: the same patients judged consonant music to be pleasant, and were able to judge music as happy or sad. Furthermore, this lack of responsiveness to unpleasantness was not due to a perceptual disorder, because all patients were able to detect intentional errors in the musical excerpts. Moreover, the impairment differed from that induced by amygdala damage alone. These findings are consistent with a two-dimensional model of defensive responses to aversive stimuli, in which the PHC and the amygdala subserve different roles.