Are mycorrhizal fungi our sustainable saviours? Considerations for achieving food security
Are mycorrhizal fungi our sustainable saviours? Considerations for achieving food security
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12788
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Tom J. Thirkell;Michael D. Charters;Ashleigh J Elliott;S. Sait;K. Field
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tom J. Thirkell;Michael D. Charters;Ashleigh J Elliott;S. Sait;K. Field
20世纪，农业生产力大幅提高，主要得益于杀虫剂、富含氮和磷的化肥的开发和应用，以及植物育种和基因技术的进步。然而，在过去的15年里，许多关键作物的产量已经停滞不前。气候变化、不断增加的人口、全球岩石磷的枯竭和不断上涨的能源价格使目前的化肥生产不可持续，对全球粮食安全构成了巨大的挑战。许多重要的农作物与丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)形成共生关系，这推动了作物育种和农业实践中新方法的发展，以支持和促进AMF在农业生态系统中的应用。丛枝菌根真菌共生对农作物和更广泛的农业生态系统在许多方面都是非常有益的，包括改善土壤结构和抗虫害。然而，AMF的定居并不一定直接转化为提高植物表现或作物产量，而鼓励菌根-作物联合的土地管理做法，如低耕或最低限度的化学投入，往往会招致减产的权衡。综合。我们利用AMF的生态学知识来了解它们在农业生态系统中的作用，从植物生态生理学和AMF在农业生态系统中更广泛的作用方面提供对菌根-作物共生的平衡看法，并提出问题：AMF是我们可持续的救世主吗？
The 20th century saw dramatic increases in agricultural productivity, largely through the development and application of pesticides, fertilisers rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, and advances in plant breeding and genetic technologies. In the last 15 years, however, many key crop yields have plateaued. Climate change, an ever‐increasing human population, depletion of global rock‐phosphorus and growing energy prices make current fertiliser production unsustainable and represent sizeable challenges to global food security. Many important crops form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and this has motivated the development of novel approaches in crop breeding and agricultural practices to support and promote AMF in agroecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis can be high beneficial in crops and wider agroecosystems in many ways, including improved soil structure and resistance to pests. However, AMF colonisation does not necessarily translate directly into enhanced plant performance or crop yield, while land management practices that would encourage mycorrhiza–crop associations, such as low‐till or minimal chemical input often incur yield‐reducing trade‐offs. Synthesis. We draw on ecological knowledge of AMF to inform their role in agroecosystems, providing a balanced look at mycorrhiza–crop symbioses in terms of plant ecophysiology and the wider role of AMF in agroecosystems and ask the question: are AMF our sustainable saviours?