The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence.
The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13059-016-0985-1
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发表时间：
2016-06-10
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Jones JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eves-van den Akker S;Laetsch DR;Thorpe P;Lilley CJ;Danchin EG;Da Rocha M;Rancurel C;Holroyd NE;Cotton JA;Szitenberg A;Grenier E;Montarry J;Mimee B;Duceppe MO;Boyes I;Marvin JM;Jones LM;Yusup HB;Lafond-Lapalme J;Esquibet M;Sabeh M;Rott M;Overmars H;Finkers-Tomczak A;Smant G;Koutsovoulos G;Blok V;Mantelin S;Cock PJ;Phillips W;Henrissat B;Urwin PE;Blaxter M;Jones JT
马铃薯黄孢囊线虫（Globodera rostochiensis）是一种具有全球经济重要性的毁灭性植物病原体。这种活体营养型寄生虫从咽腺分泌效应物，其中一些是通过水平基因转移获得的，以操纵宿主过程并促进寄生。G. rostochiensis被分为具有不同植物抗性破坏表型的致病型。我们构建了一个高质量的G. rostochiensis致病型Ro 1，确定推定的效应和水平基因转移事件，地图基因表达的生命周期集中在关键的寄生过渡和序列的基因组的八个人口，包括四个额外的致病型，以确定变化。水平基因转移贡献了3.5%的预测基因，其中约8.5%被用作效应子。超过三分之一的效应基因聚集在基因组中的21个假定的“效应岛”中。我们确定了一个背腺启动子元件基序（称为狗框）目前上游的代表从26个背腺效应器家庭，并预测一个假定的效应器超集与此相关的基序。我们验证腺细胞表达的两个新的基因，通过原位杂交和目录背腺启动子元件包含效应器从可用的孢囊线虫基因组。致病型之间效应子多样性的比较突出了与植物抗性破坏的相关性。这些G. rostochiensis基因组资源将有助于在了解线虫植物寄生方面取得重大进展。背腺启动子元件含有效应器是在植物和寄生虫之间的进化军备竞赛的前线和预测腺细胞表达的先验的能力，承诺在了解其作用和作用机制的快速进展。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13059-016-0985-1）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a devastating plant pathogen of global economic importance. This biotrophic parasite secretes effectors from pharyngeal glands, some of which were acquired by horizontal gene transfer, to manipulate host processes and promote parasitism. G. rostochiensis is classified into pathotypes with different plant resistance-breaking phenotypes. We generate a high quality genome assembly for G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, identify putative effectors and horizontal gene transfer events, map gene expression through the life cycle focusing on key parasitic transitions and sequence the genomes of eight populations including four additional pathotypes to identify variation. Horizontal gene transfer contributes 3.5 % of the predicted genes, of which approximately 8.5 % are deployed as effectors. Over one-third of all effector genes are clustered in 21 putative ‘effector islands’ in the genome. We identify a dorsal gland promoter element motif (termed DOG Box) present upstream in representatives from 26 out of 28 dorsal gland effector families, and predict a putative effector superset associated with this motif. We validate gland cell expression in two novel genes by in situ hybridisation and catalogue dorsal gland promoter element-containing effectors from available cyst nematode genomes. Comparison of effector diversity between pathotypes highlights correlation with plant resistance-breaking. These G. rostochiensis genome resources will facilitate major advances in understanding nematode plant-parasitism. Dorsal gland promoter element-containing effectors are at the front line of the evolutionary arms race between plant and parasite and the ability to predict gland cell expression a priori promises rapid advances in understanding their roles and mechanisms of action. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-0985-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.