Translational studies of goal-directed action as a framework for classifying deficits across psychiatric disorders.
Translational studies of goal-directed action as a framework for classifying deficits across psychiatric disorders.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2014.00101
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Balleine BW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffiths KR;Morris RW;Balleine BW
在动态环境中学习行动和结果之间的偶然性的能力对于灵活的适应性行为至关重要。目标导向的行动适应行动-结果偶然性的变化以及结果的奖励值的变化。当涉及奖励处理和偶然性学习的网络不适应时，这种基本能力就会丧失，对决策产生不利影响。决策障碍是从抑郁症到精神分裂症等许多精神疾病的核心特征。因此，可以提出这样的论点：精神疾病中看似不同的症状可以用共同决策回路中的功能障碍来解释。从这个角度来看，更好地理解目标导向行为中涉及的神经过程，将允许在统一的理论框架内比较传统诊断界限内观察到的缺陷。本文利用动物研究和人类神经影像学的证据描述了目标导向决策的关键过程和神经回路。本文讨论了一些研究，概述了我们目前所知道的关于行为及其后果的因果判断，与行动相关的奖励评估，以及最重要的是，这些过程如何整合到目标导向的学习和表现中。最后，我们看看适应性决策是如何在一系列精神疾病中受损的，以及如何加深我们对这一回路的理解可能会为表型和更有针对性的干预提供见解。
The ability to learn contingencies between actions and outcomes in a dynamic environment is critical for flexible, adaptive behavior. Goal-directed actions adapt to changes in action-outcome contingencies as well as to changes in the reward-value of the outcome. When networks involved in reward processing and contingency learning are maladaptive, this fundamental ability can be lost, with detrimental consequences for decision-making. Impaired decision-making is a core feature in a number of psychiatric disorders, ranging from depression to schizophrenia. The argument can be developed, therefore, that seemingly disparate symptoms across psychiatric disorders can be explained by dysfunction within common decision-making circuitry. From this perspective, gaining a better understanding of the neural processes involved in goal-directed action, will allow a comparison of deficits observed across traditional diagnostic boundaries within a unified theoretical framework. This review describes the key processes and neural circuits involved in goal-directed decision-making using evidence from animal studies and human neuroimaging. Select studies are discussed to outline what we currently know about causal judgments regarding actions and their consequences, action-related reward evaluation, and, most importantly, how these processes are integrated in goal-directed learning and performance. Finally, we look at how adaptive decision-making is impaired across a range of psychiatric disorders and how deepening our understanding of this circuitry may offer insights into phenotypes and more targeted interventions.