The phospholipid profile of mycoplasmas.
The phospholipid profile of mycoplasmas.
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/640762
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Rottem S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kornspan JD;Rottem S
支原体物种的从头合成的极性脂相当简单，主要由酸性甘油磷脂PG和CL组成。此外，当在含有血清的培养基中生长时，大量的PC和SPM被结合到支原体细胞膜中，尽管这些脂类在覆盖在壁上的细菌中非常罕见。将外源脂类原封不动地掺入其中，或者通过脱酰化-酰化酶循环对所掺入的PC进行修饰以形成不饱和的PC。虽然它们的基因组很小，但在一些支原体物种中，还检测到了其他参与脂质生物合成的基因，导致了各种糖脂、磷脂和乙醚类脂的合成。我们认为，支原体极性脂的分析和比较可以作为一种新的有用的分类工具。然而，为了评估支原体中极性脂类的重要性，还需要对更多的支原体物种进行进一步的系统和广泛的研究。虽然需要阐明脂类在调控支原体与宿主真核细胞相互作用机制中的作用，但发酵支原体中含有糖脂的末端磷胆碱既是主要的免疫决定因素，也是炎症反应的触发因素，以及发酵支原体与宿主细胞的融合性明显受到溶醚脂的刺激，这是理解发酵支原体致病的分子机制的重要步骤。
The de novo synthesized polar lipids of Mycoplasma species are rather simple, comprising primarily of the acidic glycerophospholipids PG and CL. In addition, when grown in a medium containing serum, significant amounts of PC and SPM are incorporated into the mycoplasma cell membrane although these lipids are very uncommon in wall-covered bacteria. The exogenous lipids are either incorporated unchanged or the PC incorporated is modified by a deacylation-acylation enzymatic cycle to form disaturated PC. Although their small genome, in some Mycoplasma species, other genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were detected, resulting in the synthesis of a variety of glycolipis, phosphoglycolipids and ether lipids. We suggest that analyses and comparisons of mycoplasma polar lipids may serve as a novel and useful tool for classification. Nonetheless, to evaluate the importance of polar lipids in mycoplasma, further systematic and extensive studies on more Mycoplasma species are needed. While studies are needed to elucidate the role of lipids in the mechanisms governing the interaction of mycoplasmas with host eukaryotic cells, the finding that a terminal phosphocholine containing glycolipids of M. fermentans serves both as a major immune determinants and as a trigger of the inflammatory responses, and the findings that the fusogenicity of M. fermentans with host cells is markedly stimulated by lyso-ether lipids, are important steps toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of M. fermentans pathogenicity.